Hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) binding proteins

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a family of binding proteins that bind and neutralize the activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in particular human HGF. The binding proteins can be used as diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents. With regard to their therapeutic activity, the binding proteins can be used to treat certain HGF responsive disorders, for example, certain HGF responsive tumors.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/810,714, filed Jun. 2, 2006, and 60/860,461, filed Nov. 21, 2006, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The field of the invention is molecular biology, immunology and oncology. More particularly, the field is antibody-based binding proteins that bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).

BACKGROUND

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), also known as Scatter Factor (SF), is a multi-functional heterodimeric protein produced predominantly by mesenchymal cells, and is an effector of cells expressing the Met tyrosine kinase receptor (Bottaro et al. (1991) SCIENCE 251: 802-804, Rubin et al. (1993) BIOCHIM. BIOPHYS. ACTA 1155: 357-371). The human Met receptor is also known as “c-Met.” Mature HGF contains two polypeptide chains, the α-chain and the β-chain. Published studies suggest it is the α-chain that contains HGF's c-Met receptor binding domain.

When it binds to its cognate receptor, HGF mediates a number of cellular activities. The HGF-Met signaling pathway plays a role in liver regeneration, wound healing, neural regeneration, angiogenesis and malignancies. See, e.g., Cao et al. (2001) PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA 98: 7443-7448, Burgess et al. (2006) CANCER RES. 66: 1721-1729, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,997,868 and 5,707,624. Investigators have been developing a number of HGF modulators, including antibodies, to treat various disorders that involve HGF activity, for example, certain HGF responsive cancers. See, e.g., International Application Publication No. WO 2005/017107.

The basic structure common to all antibodies is shown schematically in FIG. 1. Antibodies are multimeric proteins that contain four polypeptide chains. Two of the polypeptide chains are called heavy or H chains and two of the polypeptide chains are called light or L chains. The immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are connected by an interchain disulfide bond. The immunoglobulin heavy chains are connected by a number of interchain disulfide bonds. A light chain is composed of one variable region (V_(L) in FIG. 1) and one constant region (C_(L) in FIG. 1), while the heavy chain is composed of one variable region (V_(H) in FIG. 1) and at least three constant regions (CH₁, CH₂ and CH₃ in FIG. 1). The variable regions determine the specificity of the antibody and the constant regions have other functions.

Amino acid and structural information indicate that each variable region comprises three hypervariable regions (also known as complementarity determining regions or CDRs) flanked by four relatively conserved framework regions or FRs. The three CDRs, referred to as CDR₁, CDR₂, and CDR₃, are responsible for the binding specificity of individual antibodies. When antibodies are to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, typically it is desirable to create antibodies that have the highest binding specificity and affinity to the target molecule. It is believed that differences in the variable regions can have profound effects on the specificity and affinity of the antibody.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,624 describes the use of anti-HGF antibodies in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,868 describes treating a tumor by administering an anti-HGF antibody to the patient to be treated so as to block the ability of endogeneous HGF to promote angiogenesis in the tumor. More recently, investigators propose that antibodies that bind the β-chain of HGF may have potential as therapeutic agents in patients with HGF-dependent tumors (Burgess (2006) supra).

Notwithstanding, there is still a need for additional HGF modulators that can be used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based, in part, upon the discovery of a family of binding proteins that specifically bind HGF, in particular, human HGF. The binding proteins are antibody-based in so far as they contain antigen (i.e., HGF) binding sites based on the CDRs of a family of antibodies that specifically bind HGF. The CDRs confer the binding specificity of the binding proteins to HGF. The binding proteins can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. When used as a therapeutic agent, the binding proteins are engineered (e.g., humanized) so as to reduce or eliminate the risk of inducing an immune response against the binding protein when administered to the recipient (e.g., a human).

The binding proteins neutralize the activity of HGF and, therefore, can be used as a therapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, the binding proteins prevent HGF from binding to its cognate receptor, c-Met, thereby neutralizing HGF activity. In other embodiments, the binding proteins bind to HGF and neutralize its biological activity but without preventing HGF from binding to the c-Met receptor. Because HGF has been implicated in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, the binding proteins can be used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, when administered to a mammal, the binding proteins can inhibit or reduce tumor growth in the mammal.

These and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following figures, detailed description, and claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be more completely understood with reference to the following drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a typical antibody.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the amino acid sequence defining the complete immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of the antibodies denoted as 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, 2B8, 2F8, 3A12, 3B6 and 3D11. The amino acid sequences for each antibody are aligned against one another and the regions defining the signal peptide, CDR₁, CDR₂, and CDR₃ are identified in boxes. The unboxed sequences represent FR sequences.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the CDR₁, CDR₂, and CDR₃ sequences for each of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region sequences presented in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the amino acid sequence defining the complete immunoglobulin light chain variable region of the antibodies 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, 2B8, 2F8, 3A12, 3B6, and 3D11. The amino acid sequences for each antibody are aligned against one another and the regions defining the signal peptide, CDR₁, CDR₂, and CDR₃ are identified in boxes. The unboxed sequences represent FR sequences.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the CDR₁, CDR₂, and CDR₃ sequences for each of the immunoglobulin light chain variable region sequences presented in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a graph summarizing results from an experiment to measure tumor inhibitory activity of anti-HGF antibodies 1D3, 1F3, 1A3 and 2B8 in a U87MG xenograft model. Diamonds correspond to PBS; triangles correspond to anti-HGF antibody 1A3; X corresponds to anti-HGF antibody 1D3; squares correspond to anti-HGF antibody 1F3, and circles correspond to anti-HGF antibody 2B8.

FIG. 7 is a graph summarizing results from an experiment to measure tumor inhibitory activity of anti-HGF antibodies 1D3, 1F3, 1A3 and 2B8 in a U118 xenograft model. Diamonds correspond to IgG; squares correspond to anti-HGF antibody 1F3, triangles to anti-HGF antibody 1D3; X corresponds to anti-HGF antibody 1A3; and circles correspond to anti-HGF antibody 2B8.

FIG. 8 is a table summarizing surface plasmon resonance data on antigen-binding affinity and kinetics of interaction between human HGF and chimeric, chimeric/humanized, or humanized 2B8 antibodies. The table lists the pairs of Kappa light chain and IgG1 heavy chain tested. Those antibodies with standard deviations (STDEV) listed were analyzed in three independent experiments.

FIG. 9 is a bar chart summarizing experimental data indicating that Hu2B8 binds an epitope mutually exclusive to murine monoclonal antibody 2B8. Humanized or chimeric 2B8 was captured on an anti-human Fc chip. HGF then was bound to the humanized or chimeric 2B8. The ability of mouse 2B8 or the control antibody (polyclonal goat anti-HGF antibody) to bind the captured HGF was measured. Both humanized 2B8 antibodies and chimeric 2B8 prevent murine 2B8 from binding HGF. White bars correspond to the chimeric 2B8 antibody; gray bars correspond to the humanized Hu2B8 antibody (kappa variable region Kv1-39.1 and heavy chain variable region Hv5-51.1); black bars correspond to the humanized Hu2B8 antibody (kappa variable region Kv3-15.1 and heavy chain variable region Hv5-51.1).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based, in part, upon the discovery of a family of binding proteins that specifically bind, and neutralize the activity of, HGF, in particular, human HGF. The binding proteins can be used in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The binding proteins are based upon the antigen binding sites of certain monoclonal antibodies that have been selected for their ability to bind, and neutralize the activity of, HGF. In particular, the binding proteins contain immunoglobulin variable region CDR sequences that together define a binding site for HGF.

In view of the neutralizing activity of these antibodies, they are particularly useful in modulating the growth and/or proliferation of HGF responsive cells, for example, cancer cells. When used as a therapeutic agent, the binding proteins can be engineered so as to minimize or eliminate the risk of inducing an immune response against the binding proteins when administered to the recipient. Furthermore, depending upon the particular application, it is contemplated that the binding proteins can be conjugated to other moieties, for example, detectable labels, for example, radiolabels, and effector molecules, for example, other protein and small molecule-based therapeutics. Each of these features and aspects of the invention are discussed in more detail below.

I—Binding Proteins that Bind HGF

In one aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises (i) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the structure CDR_(L1)-CDR_(L2)-CDR_(L3), and (ii) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein the immunoglobulin light chain variable region and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region together define a single binding site for binding human HGF. CDR_(L1) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁ X₂ Ser X₄ X₅ X₆ X₇ X₈ X₉ X₁₀ X₁₁ X₁₂ X₁₃ X₁₄ X₁₅, wherein amino acid X₁ is Arg, Lys, or Ser, X₂ is Ala or Thr, X₄ is Glu, Gln, or Ser, X₅ is Asn, Asp, or Ser, X₆ is Ile or Val, X₇ is Asp, Lys, Ser, Val, or Tyr, X₈ is a peptide bond or Tyr, X₉ is a peptide bond or Asp, X₁₀ is a peptide bond or Gly, X₁₁ is a peptide bond or Asn, X₁₂ is a peptide bond, Ile, or Ser, X₁₃ is Asn or Tyr, X₁₄ is Ile, Leu, Met, or Val, X₁₅ is Ala, Asn, His, or Ser. CDR_(L2) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁₆ X₁₇ X₁₈ X₁₉ X₂₀ X₂₁ X₂₂, wherein amino acid X₁₆ is Ala, Asp, Arg, Gly, or Val, X₁₇ is Ala, Thr, or Val, X₁₈ is Asn, Ser, or Thr, X₁₉ is Arg, Asn, Lys, or His, X₂₀ is Leu or Arg, X₂₁ is Ala, Asn, Glu, Val, or Pro, X₂₂ is Asp, Ser, or Thr. CDR_(L3) comprises the amino acid sequence X₂₃ X₂₄ X₂₅ X₂₆ X₂₇ X₂₈ Pro X₃₀ Thr, wherein amino acid X₂₃ is Leu, Gly, or Gln, X₂₄ is His or Gln, X₂₅ is Phe, Ser, Trp, or Tyr, X₂₆ is Asp, Ile, Ser, Trp, or Tyr, X₂₇ is Gly, Glu, Asn, or Ser, X₂₈ is Asp, Asn, Phe, Thr, or Tyr, X₃₀ is Leu, Phe, Pro, or Tyr.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF comprising (i) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the structure CDR_(H1)-CDR_(H2)-CDR_(H3) and (ii) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and the immunoglobulin light chain variable region together define a single binding site for binding human HGF. CDR_(H1) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁ Tyr X₃ X₄ X₅, wherein amino acid X₁ is Asp, Asn, Ser, or Thr, X₃ is Phe, Ser, Trp, or Tyr, X₄ is Ile, Leu, or Met, X₅ is Asn, His, or Ser. CDR_(H2) comprises the amino acid sequence X₆ Ile X₈ X₉ X₁₀ X₁₁ Gly X₁₃ X₁₄ X₁₅ Tyr X₁₇ X₁₈ X₁₉ X₂₀ X₂₁ X₂₂, wherein amino acid X₆ is Lys, Gln, Glu, Val, or Tyr, X₈ is Asn, Gly, Ser, Trp, or Tyr, X₉ is Ala, Pro or Ser, X₁₀ is Gly or Thr, X₁₁ is a peptide bond, Asp, Asn, Gly, or Ser, X₁₃ is Asp, Asn, His, or Ser, X₁₄ is Ser or Thr, X₁₅ is Asn or Tyr, X₁₇ is Asn or Pro, X₁₈ is Ala, Asp, Gly, Gln, Glu, Pro, or Ser, X₁₉ is Asn, Lys, Met, or Ser, X₂₀ is Leu, Phe or Val, X₂₁ is Lys, Met, or Gln, X₂₂ is Asp, Gly or Ser. CDR_(H3) comprises the amino acid sequence X₂₃ X₂₄ X₂₅ X₂₆ X₂₇ X₂₈ X₂₉ X₃₀ X₃₁ X₃₂ X₃₃ X₃₄ Tyr, wherein amino acid X₂₃ is Arg, Asn, Gln, or Glu, X₂₄ is Gly, Leu, Arg, or Tyr, X₂₅ is a peptide bond, Asp, or Gly, X₂₆ is a peptide bond or Gly, X₂₇ is a peptide bond or Tyr, X₂₈ is a peptide bond, Leu, or Tyr, X₂₉ is a peptide bond, Gly, Leu, Arg, or Val, X₃₀ is a peptide bond, Asp, Gly, or Glu, X₃₁ is a peptide bond, Asn, Arg, Ser, or Tyr, X₃₂ is peptide bond, Ala, Gly, Ile, or Tyr, X₃₃ is Met or Phe, X₃₄ is Ala or Asp.

It is understood that the binding protein can comprise both the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences or the fragments thereof, noted above. Furthermore, it is understood that the binding protein can be an intact antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In certain embodiments, the CDR sequences of the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain are interposed with framework regions (FR).

In certain other embodiments, the CDR sequences of the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain are interposed between human or humanized framework regions.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that specifically binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises: (a) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the structure CDR_(L1)-CDR_(L2)-CDR_(L3) and (b) immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, wherein the immunoglobulin light chain variable region and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region together define a single binding site for binding human HGF. The CDR_(L1) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 8 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 18 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 28 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 38 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 48 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 58 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 68 (1F3), and SEQ ID NO. 78 (3A12). The CDR_(L2) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 9 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 19 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 29 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 39 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 49 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 59 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 69 (1F3), SEQ ID NO. 79 (3A12) and SEQ ID NO. 206 (LRMR2B8LC). The CDR_(L3) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 10 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 20 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 30 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 40 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 50 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 60 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 70 (1F3), and SEQ ID NO. 80 (3A12). Throughout the specification and claims, the sequences denoted by a particular SEQ ID NO. are followed in parentheses by the antibody that was the origin of the particular sequence. By way of example, SEQ ID NO. 8 (1A3) indicates that the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 8 is based upon the sequence present in antibody 1A3.

In one embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 8 (1A3), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 9 (1A3), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 10 (1A3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 18 (2B8), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 19 (2B8) or SEQ ID NO. 206 (LRMR2B8LC), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 20 (2B8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 28 (2F8), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 29 (2F8), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 30 (2F8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 38 (3B6), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 39 (3B6), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 40 (3B6).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 48 (3D11), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 49 (3D11), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 50 (3D11).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 58 (1D3), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 59 (1D3), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 60 (1D3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 68 (1F3), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 69 (1F3), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 70 (1F3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising a CDR_(L1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 78 (3A12), a CDR_(L2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 79 (3A12), and a CDR_(L3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 80 (3A12).

In each of the foregoing embodiments, the CDR_(L1), CDR_(L2), and CDR_(L3) sequences preferably are interposed between human or humanized immunoglobulin FRs. It is understood that the binding protein can be an intact antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the structure CDR_(H1)-CDR_(H2)-CDR_(H3), and (b) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and the immunoglobulin light chain variable region together define a single binding site for binding human HGF. The CDR_(H1) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 5 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 25 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 35 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 45 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 55 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 65 (1F3), and SEQ ID NO. 75 (3A12); the CDR_(H2) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 6 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 16 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 26 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 36 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 46 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 56 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 66 (1F3), SEQ ID NO. 76 (3A12), SEQ ID NO. 202 (Hu2B8 Hv1f.1), SEQ ID NO. 203 (Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 or Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1), SEQ ID NO. 204 (LR2B8HC) and SEQ ID NO. 205 (LRMR2B8HC); and the CDR_(H3) comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 7 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 17 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 27 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 37 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 47 (3D11), SEQ ID NO. 57 (1D3), SEQ ID NO. 67 (1F3), and SEQ ID NO. 77 (3A12).

In one embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 5 (1A3); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 6 (1A3); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 7 (1A3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 15 (2B8); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 16 (2B8), SEQ ID NO. 202 (Hu2B8 Hv1f.1), SEQ ID NO. 203 (Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 or Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1), SEQ ID NO. 204 (LR2B8HC) or SEQ ID NO. 205 (LRMR2B8HC); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 17 (2B8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 25 (2F8); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 26 (2F8); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 27 (2F8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 35 (3B6); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 36 (3B6); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 37 (3B6).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 45 (3D11); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 46 (3D11); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 47 (3D11).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 55 (1D3); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 56 (1D3); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 57 (1D3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 65 (1F3); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 66 (1F3); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 67 (1F3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising: a CDR_(H1) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 75 (3A12); a CDR_(H2) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 76 (3A12); and a CDR_(H3) comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 77 (3A12).

In each of the foregoing embodiments, the CDR_(H1), CDR_(H2), and CDR_(H3) sequences preferably are interposed between human or humanized immunoglobulin FRs. It is understood that the binding protein can be an intact antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In another aspect, the invention provides a binding protein that binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region selected from the group consisting of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 2 (1A3), residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 12 (2B8), residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 22 (2F8), residues 20-139 of SEQ ID NO. 32 (3B6), residues 20-132 of SEQ ID NO. 42 (3D11), residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 52 (1D3), residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 62 (1F3), and residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 72 (3A12) and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region selected from the group consisting of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 4 (1A3), residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 14 (2B8), residues 20-131 of SEQ ID NO. 24 (2F8), residues 23-129 of SEQ ID NO. 34 (3B6), residues 23-128 of SEQ ID NO. 44 (3D11), residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 54 (1D3), residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 64 (1F3), and residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 74 (3A12).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 2 (1A3), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 4 (1A3).

In one embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 12 (2B8), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 14 (2B8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 22 (2F8), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-131 of SEQ ID NO. 24 (2F8).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-139 of SEQ ID NO. 32 (3B6), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 23-129 of SEQ ID NO. 34 (3B6).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-132 of SEQ ID NO. 42 (3D11), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 23-128 of SEQ ID NO. 44 (3D11).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 52 (1D3), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 54 (1D3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 62 (1F3), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 64 (1F3).

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 72 (3A12), and an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 74 (3A12).

In each of the foregoing embodiments, the binding protein can be an intact antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises (i) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 173 (Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 light chain variable region), SEQ ID NO. 179 (Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 light chain variable region), SEQ ID NO. 193 (LR2B8LC light chain variable region), and SEQ ID NO. 199 (LRMR2B8LC light chain variable region); and (ii) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 159 (Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO. 165 (Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO. 169 (Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO. 183 (LR2B8HC heavy chain variable region), and SEQ ID NO. 189 (LRMR2B8LC light chain variable region). The binding protein can be an intact antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF. The binding protein comprises (i) an immunoglobulin light chain selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 177 (Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1+kappa constant (Km(3) allotype (allele 2)), SEQ ID NO. 181 (Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1+Kappa constant (Km(3) allotype (allele 2)), SEQ ID NO. 197 (LR2B8LC+Kappa constant (Km(3) allotype (allele 1)), and SEQ ID NO. 201 (LRMR2B8LC+Kappa constant (Km(3) allotype (allele 1)); and (ii) an immunoglobulin heavy chain selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 163 (Hu2B8 Hv1f.1+IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype)), SEQ ID NO. 167 (Hu2B8 Hv5a.1+IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype)), SEQ ID NO. 171 (Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1+IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype)), SEQ ID NO. 187 (LR2B8HC+IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1)), and SEQ ID NO. 191 (LRMR2B8HC+IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1)). The binding protein can be an intact antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds reduced human HGF. The binding protein comprises (i) an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising three CDRs, and (ii) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising three CDRs. The CDRs typically are interposed between FRs. The CDRs of the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain together define a binding site that binds reduced human HGF, for example, the α-chain of reduced HGF. Reduced HGF refers to HGF treated with an amount of reducing agent, for example, dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol, or glutathione sufficient to reduce the disulfide linkage between the α-chain and the β-chain. Exemplary concentrations include, for example, 100 mM DTT and 5% 2-mercaptoethanol.

In certain embodiments, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of CDR_(L1), CDR_(L2) and CDR_(L3). Optionally, the binding protein comprises two CDRs, for example, CDR_(L1) and CDR_(L2), or CDR_(L1) and CDR_(L3), or CDR_(L1) and CDR_(L3). Optionally, the binding protein comprises all three CDRs, i.e., CDR_(L1), CDR_(L2) and CDR_(L3). CDR_(L1) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁ X₂ Ser X₄ X₅ X₆ X₇ X₈ X₉ X₁₀ X₁₁ X₁₂ X₁₃ X₁₄ X₁₅, wherein amino acid X₁ is Arg or Lys, X₂ is Ala or Thr, X₄ is Glu or Gln, X₅ is Asn, Ser, or Asp, X₆ is Ile or Val, X₇ is Tyr, Asp, or Lys, X₈ is a peptide bond or Tyr, X₉ is a peptide bond or Asp, X₁₀ is a peptide bond or Gly, X₁₁ is a peptide bond or Asn, X₁₂ is a peptide bond or Ser, X₁₃ is Asn or Tyr, X₁₄ is Ile or Leu, X₁₅ is Ala, Asn, or Ser. CDR_(L2) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁₆ X₁₇ X₁₈ X₁₉ Leu X₂₁ X₂₂, wherein amino acid X₁₆ is Ala, Asp, Val, or Arg, X₁₇ is Ala or Val, X₁₈ is Asn, Ser, or Thr, X₁₉ is Arg, Asn, or His, X₂₁ is Ala, Glu, Val, or Pro, X₂₂ is Asp or Ser. CDR_(L3) comprises the amino acid sequence X₂₃ X₂₄ X₂₅ X₂₆ X₂₇ X₂₈ Pro X₃₀ Thr, wherein amino acid X₂₃ is Leu or Gln, X₂₄ is His or Gln, X₂₅ is Phe, Ser, or Tyr, X₂₆ is Asp, Ile, or Trp, X₂₇ is Gly or Glu, X₂₈ is Asp, Phe, or Thr, X₃₀ is Phe, Pro, or Tyr.

In another embodiment, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of CDR_(H1), CDR_(H2), and CDR_(H3). Optionally, the binding protein comprises two CDRs, for example, CDR_(H1) and CDR_(H2), or CDR_(H1) and CDR_(H3), or CDR_(H1) and CDR_(H3). Optionally, the binding protein comprises all three CDRs, i.e., CDR_(H1), CDR_(H2) and CDR_(H3). CDR_(H1) comprises the amino acid sequence X₁ Tyr X₃ X₄ X₅, wherein amino acid X₁ is Asp, Asn, Ser, or Thr, X₃ is Phe, Trp, or Tyr, X₄ is Ile or Met, X₅ is Asn, His, or Ser. CDR_(H2) comprises the amino acid sequence X₆ Ile X₈ X₉ Gly X₁₁ Gly X₁₃ X₁₄ X₁₅ Tyr X₁₇ X₁₈ X₁₉ X₂₀ Lys X₂₂, wherein amino acid X₆ is Lys, Gln, or Tyr, X₈ is Gly, Ser, or Tyr, X₉ is Pro or Ser, X₁₁ is Asp, Gly, or Ser, X₁₃ is Asp or Ser, X₁₄ is Ser or Thr, X₁₅ is Asn or Tyr, X₁₇ is Asn or Pro, X₁₈ is Ala, Asp, Gly, or Glu, X₁₉ is Asn, Met, or Ser, X₂₀ is Phe or Val, X₂₂ is Asp or Gly. CDR_(H3) comprises the amino acid sequence X₂₃ X₂₄ X₂₅ X₂₆ X₂₇ X₂₈ X₂₉ X₃₀ X₃₁ X₃₂ X₃₃ Asp Tyr, wherein amino acid X₂₃ is Arg or Gln, X₂₄ is Gly or Leu, X₂₅ is Asp, Gly, or a peptide bond, X₂₆ is Gly or a peptide bond, X₂₇ is a peptide bond or Tyr, X₂₈ is Leu, a peptide bond or Tyr, X₂₉ is a Gly, Arg or Leu, X₃₀ is Asp, Gly or Glu, X₃₁ is a Tyr, Arg or Asn, X₃₂ is Ala, Gly or Tyr, X₃₃ is Met or Phe.

It is understood that the binding protein can comprise both the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the immunoglobulin light chain sequences or the fragments thereof, noted above. Furthermore, it is understood that the binding protein can be an intact antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, or a biosynthetic antibody site.

In certain embodiments, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising (i) a CDR_(L1) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 8 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 28 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 38 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 58 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 68 (1F3), (ii) a CDR_(L2) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 9 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 29 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 39 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 59 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 69 (1F3), and (iii) a CDR_(L3) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 10 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 30 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 40 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 60 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 70 (1F3). The CDR sequences can be interposed between human or humanized FRs. In other embodiments, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 4 (1A3), residues 20-131 of SEQ ID NO. 24 (2F8), residues 23-129 of SEQ ID NO. 34 (3B6), residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 54 (1D3), and residues 21-127 of SEQ ID NO. 64 (1F3).

In certain other embodiments, the binding protein comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising (i) a CDR_(H1) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 5 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 25 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 35 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 55 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 65 (1F3), (ii) a CDR_(H2) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 6 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 26 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 36 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 56 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 66 (1F3), and (iii) a CDR_(H3) having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 7 (1A3), SEQ ID NO. 27 (2F8), SEQ ID NO. 37 (3B6), SEQ ID NO. 57 (1D3), and SEQ ID NO. 67 (1F3). The CDR sequences can be interposed between human or humanized FRs. In another embodiment, the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 2 (1A3), residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 22 (2F8), residues 20-139 of SEQ ID NO. 32 (3B6), residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 52 (1D3), and residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO. 62 (1F3).

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF and comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region and an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region. The isolated binding protein competes for binding to HGF with at least one reference antibody selected from the group consisting of (i) an antibody having an immunoglobulin light chain variable region of residues 20-131 of SEQ ID NO. 24 (2F8), and an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of residues 20-137 of SEQ ID NO. 22 (2F8), (ii) an antibody having an immunoglobulin light chain variable region of residues 23-129 of SEQ ID NO. 34 (3B6), and an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of residues 20-139 of SEQ ID NO. 32 (3B6), and (iii) an antibody having an immunoglobulin light chain variable region of residues 23-128 of SEQ ID NO. 44 (3D11), and an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of residues 20-132 of SEQ ID NO. 42 (3D11). Under certain circumstances, the binding protein binds the same epitope of HGF as one of the reference antibodies.

It is understood that each of the binding proteins discussed above can be an intact antibody, for example, a monoclonal antibody. Alternatively, the binding protein can be an antigen binding fragment of an antibody, or can be a biosynthetic antibody binding site. Antibody fragments include Fab, Fab′, (Fab′)₂ or Fv fragments. Techniques for making such antibody fragments are known to those skilled in the art. A number of biosynthetic antibody binding sites are known in the art and include, for example, single Fv or sFv molecules, described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,786. Other biosynthetic antibody binding sites include bispecific or bifunctional binding proteins, for example, bispecific or bifunctional antibodies, which are antibodies or antibody fragments that bind at least two different antigens. For example, bispecific binding proteins can bind HGF, for example, human HGF, and another antigen of interest. Methods for making bispecific antibodies are known in art and, include, for example, by fusing hybridomas or by linking Fab′ fragments. See, e.g., Songsivilai et al. (1990) CLIN. EXP. IMMUNOL. 79: 315-325; Kostelny et al. (1992) J. IMMUNOL. 148: 1547-1553.

The binding proteins of the invention can bind hHGF containing a cysteine to arginine substitution at position 561 or a glycine to glutamate substitution at position 555.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF with a k_(d) of 4.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ or lower, 3.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ or lower, or 2.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ or lower. The isolated binding proteins can bind human HGF with a k_(d) from 5.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 0.5×10⁻⁵s⁻¹, or from 4.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 1.0×10⁻⁵s⁻¹, or from 3.0×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 1.5×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF with a K_(D) of 100 pM or lower, or 20 pM or lower, or 10 pM or lower, or 5 pM or lower. The isolated binding proteins can bind human HGF with a K_(D) from 100 pM to 5 pM, or from 20 pM to 5 pM, or from 15 pM to 10 pM, or from 20 pM to 10 pM, or from 15 pM to 5 pM. Unless otherwise specified, K_(D) values are determined by the methods, and under the conditions, described in Example 6.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated binding protein that binds human HGF, wherein the antibody binds to human HGF with lower K_(D) at 37° C. than at 25° C. The binding protein binding optionally binds human HGF with a K_(D) less than 5 pM at 37° C.

In other aspects and embodiments, the binding proteins can inhibit hHGF from binding to c-Met. For example, the binding proteins can have an IC₅₀ (concentration at 50% of maximum inhibition) of at least about 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 nM when assayed using the protocol described in Example 7(a). In certain other embodiments, the binding proteins can neutralize HGF BrdU incorporation in 4 MBr-5 cells (ATCC, Catalog No. CCL208) using the method described in Example 7(b).

The binding proteins have an IC₅₀ of 50 nM or lower, preferably 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 nM or lower, when assayed using the protocol described in Example 7(b). In certain other embodiments, the binding proteins can be used to inhibit HGF stimulated c-Met phosphorylation in PC-3 cells (ATCC, Manassas, Va. Catalog No. CRL-1435) using the assay described in Example 9. The binding proteins inhibit HGF-stimulated (1.25 nM) c-Met phosphorylation in PC-3 cells with an IC₅₀ of 2 nM or less (Table 8), using the assay described in Example 9.

II—Production of Binding Proteins

Binding proteins of the invention can be produced in various ways using approaches know in the art. For example, DNA molecules encoding light chain variable regions and heavy chain variable regions can be chemically synthesized, using a commercial synthesizer and sequence information provided herein. Such synthetic DNA molecules can be ligated to other appropriate nucleotide sequences, including, e.g., constant region coding sequences, and expression control sequences, to produce conventional gene expression constructs encoding the desired binding proteins. Production of defined gene constructs is within routine skill in the art. Alternatively, the sequences provided herein can be cloned out of hybridomas by conventional hybridization techniques or PCR techniques, using synthetic nucleic acid probes whose sequences are based on sequence information provided herein or prior art sequence information regarding genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies in hybridoma cells. Production and use of such probes is within ordinary skill in the art.

The nucleic acids encoding the desired binding proteins can be introduced (ligated) into expression vectors, which can be introduced into a host cell via standard transfection or transformation techniques known in the art. Exemplary host cells include, for example, E. coli cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2), and myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce immunoglobulin protein. Transfected host cells can be grown under conditions that permit the host cells to express the genes of interest, for example, the genes that encode the immunoglobulin light or heavy chain variable regions. The resulting expression products can be harvested using techniques known in the art.

The particular expression and purification conditions will vary depending upon what expression system is employed. For example, if the gene is to be expressed in E. coli, it is first cloned into an expression vector. This is accomplished by positioning the engineered gene downstream from a suitable bacterial promoter, e.g., Trp or Tac, and a signal sequence, e.g., a sequence encoding fragment B of protein A (FB). The resulting expressed fusion protein typically accumulates in refractile or inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the cells, and may be harvested after disruption of the cells by French press or sonication. The refractile bodies then are solubilized, and the expressed proteins refolded and cleaved by the methods already established for many other recombinant proteins.

If the engineered gene is to be expressed in eukayotic host cells, for example, myeloma cells or CHO cells, it is first inserted into an expression vector containing a suitable eukaryotic promoter, a secretion signal, immunoglobulin enhancers, and various introns. This expression vector optionally can contain sequences encoding all or part of a constant region, enabling an entire, or a part of, a heavy or light chain to be expressed. The gene construct can be transfected into myeloma cells or CHO cells using established transfection protocols. Such transfected cells can express V_(L) or V_(H) fragments, V_(L)-V_(H) heterodimers, V_(H)-V_(L) or V_(L)-V_(H) single chain polypeptides, complete heavy or light immunoglobulin chains, or portions thereof, each of which may be attached to a protein domain having another function (e.g., cytotoxicity).

III—Modifications to the Binding Proteins

It is understood that the binding proteins can be modified to optimize performance depending upon the intended use of the binding proteins. For example, when the binding protein is being used as a therapeutic agent, the binding protein can be modified to reduce its immunogenicity in the intended recipient. Alternatively or in addition, the binding protein can be fused or coupled to another protein or peptide, for example, a growth factor, cytokine, or cytotoxin. Such modifications can be achieved by using routine gene manipulation techniques known in the art.

Various techniques for reducing the antigenicity of antibodies and antibody fragments are known in the art. These techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate the antigenicity of the binding proteins of the invention. For example, when the binding proteins are to be administered to a human, the binding proteins preferably are engineered to reduce their antigenicity in humans. This process often is referred to as humanization. Preferably, the humanized binding proteins have the same or substantially the same affinity for the antigen as the original non-humanized binding protein it was derived from.

In one well known humanization approach, chimeric proteins are created in which immunoglobulin constant regions of antibodies from one species, e.g., mouse, are replaced with immunoglobulin constant regions from a second, different species, e.g., a human. In this example, the resulting antibody is a mouse-human chimera, where the human constant region sequences, in principle, are less immunogenic than the counterpart murine sequences. This type of antibody engineering is described, for example, Morrison, et al. (1984) PROC. NAT. ACAD. SCI. 81: 6851-6855, Neuberger et al. (1984) NATURE 312: 604-608; U.S. Pat. No. 6,893,625 (Robinson); U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,362 (Robinson); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567 (Cabilly).

In another approach, known as CDR grafting, the CDRs of the light and heavy chain variable regions of an antibody of interest are grafted into frameworks (FRs) from another species. For example, murine CDRs can be grafted into human FR sequences. In some embodiments, the CDRs of the light and heavy chain variable regions of an anti-HGF antibody are grafted into human FRs or consensus human FRs. In order to create consensus human FRs, FRs from several human heavy chain or light chain amino acid sequences are aligned to identify a consensus amino acid sequence. CDR grafting is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,022,500 (Queen); U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,321 (Winter); U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,370 (Queen); U.S. Pat. No. 6,054,297 (Carter); U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,762 (Queen); U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,205 (Adair); U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,761 (Queen); U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,332 (Hoogenboom); U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,089 (Queen); U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,101 (Queen); Jones et al. (1986) NATURE 321: 522-525; Riechmann et al. (1988) NATURE 332: 323-327; Verhoeyen et al. (1988) SCIENCE 239: 1534-1536; and Winter (1998) FEBS LETT 430: 92-94.

In an approach called “superhumanization,” antibodies in which human immunogenicity is reduced or eliminated are created by an alternative form of grafting. In superhumanization, human FR sequences are chosen from a set of human germline genes based on the structural similarity of the human CDRs to those of the mouse antibody to be humanized. This approach is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,881,557 (Foote) and in Tan et al. (2002) J. IMMUNOL 169:1119-1125.

Other approaches to reduce immunogenicity include, techniques are known as “reshaping,” “hyperchimerization,” or “veneering/resurfacing” to produce humanized antibodies. See, e.g., Vaswami et al. (1998) ANNALS OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA, & IMMUNOL. 81: 105; Roguska et al. (1996) PROT. ENGINEER 9: 895-904; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,035 (Hardman). In the veneering/resurfacing approach, the surface accessible amino acid residues in the murine antibody are replaced by amino acid residues more frequently found at the same positions in a human antibody. This type of antibody resurfacing is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,641 (Pedersen).

One exemplary approach for converting a mouse antibody into a form suitable for medical use in humans is known as ACTIVMAB™ technology (Vaccinex, Inc., Rochester, N.Y.), which involves a vaccinia virus-based vector to express antibodies in mammalian cells. High levels of combinatorial diversity of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are said to be produced. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,706,477 (Zauderer); U.S. Pat. No. 6,800,442 (Zauderer); and U.S. Pat. No. 6,872,518 (Zauderer).

Another exemplary approach for converting a mouse antibody into a form suitable for use in humans is technology practiced commercially by KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Palo Alto, Calif.). This technology involves the use of a proprietary human “acceptor” library to produce an “epitope focused” library for antibody selection.

Another exemplary approach for modifying a mouse antibody into a form suitable for medical use in humans is HUMAN ENGINEERING™ (HE™) technology, which is practiced commercially by XOMA (US) LLC. See, e.g., International Application Publication No. WO 93/11794 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,766,886; 5,770,196; 5,821,123; and 5,869,619.

Any suitable approach, including any of the above approaches, can be used to reduce or eliminate human immunogenicity of a binding protein of interest.

In addition, it is possible to create fully human antibodies in mice. In this approach, human antibodies are prepared using a transgenic mouse in which the mouse's antibody-producing genes have been replaced by a substantial portion of the human antibody producing genes. Such mice produce human immunoglobulin instead of murine immunoglobulin molecules. See, e.g., WO 98/24893 (Jacobovitz et al.) and Mendez et al. (1997) NATURE GENETICS 15: 146-156. Fully human anti-HGF monoclonal antibodies can be produced using the following approach. Transgenic mice containing human immunoglobulin genes are immunized with the antigen of interest, e.g., HGF. Lymphatic cells from the mice then are obtained from the mice, which are then fused with a myeloid-type cell line to prepare immortal hybridoma cell lines. The hybridoma cell lines are screened and selected to identify hybridoma cell lines that produce antibodies specific to HGF.

Binding proteins of the invention can be conjugated with other molecules, depending upon their intended use. For example, if the binding protein is going to be used as a therapeutic, then the binding protein can be conjugated with another agent, for example, an effector molecule that modulates or otherwise promotes the therapy. To the extent that the effector is non-protein based agent, for example, a small molecule drug, a radiolabel or toxin, then, the agent can be chemically coupled to the binding protein using standard in vitro coupling chemistries. If, on the other hand, the effector molecule is a protein or peptide, for example, an enzyme, receptor, toxin, growth factor, cytokine or other immunomodulator, then the binding protein can either be chemically coupled to the effector using in vitro coupling chemistries or can be coupled to the effector as a fusion protein. Fusion proteins can be constructed and expressed using the techniques similar to those discussed in section II.

IV—Use of Binding Proteins

The binding proteins described herein can be used as a diagnostic agent or a therapeutic agent.

(1) Therapeutic Applications

Because the binding proteins of the invention neutralize the activity of HGF, they can be used in various therapeutic applications. For example, certain binding proteins of the invention are useful in the prevention or treatment of hyperproliferative diseases or disorders, e.g., various forms of cancer.

The binding proteins can be used to inhibit or reduce the proliferation of tumor cells. In such an approach, the tumor cells are exposed to a therapeutically effective amount of the binding protein so as to inhibit or reduce proliferation of the tumor cell. In certain embodiments, the binding proteins inhibit tumor cell proliferation by at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100%.

In certain embodiments, the binding protein is used to inhibit or reduce proliferation of a tumor cell wherein the binding protein reduces the ability of hHGF to bind to c-Met. In other embodiments, the binding protein is used to inhibit or reduce the proliferation of a tumor cell even when the binding protein binds hHGF but does not substantially inhibit hHGF binding to c-Met, as shown by antibody 3B6 in Tables 5 and 6.

In addition, the binding protein can be used to inhibit, or slow down tumor growth or development in a mammal. In such a method, an effective amount of the binding protein is administered to the mammal so as to inhibit or slow down tumor growth in the mammal. Accordingly, the binding proteins can be used to treat tumors, for example, in a mammal. The method comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the binding protein. The binding protein can be administered alone or in combination with another pharmaceutically active molecule, so as to treat the tumor.

It is contemplated that the binding proteins of the invention can be used in the treatment of a variety of HGF responsive disorders, including, for example, HGF responsive tumor cells in lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, nasopharangeal cancer, pancreatic cancer, mesothelioma, melanoma and glioblastoma.

As used herein, “treat, “treating” and “treatment” refer to the treatment of a disease-state in a mammal, particularly in a human, and include: (a) preventing the disease-state from occurring in a mammal, in particular, when such mammal is predisposed to the disease-state but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting the disease-state, i.e., arresting its development; and/or (c) relieving the disease-state, i.e., causing regression of the disease state.

Generally, a therapeutically effective amount of active component will be in the range of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, optionally from about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, optionally from about 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. The amount administered will depend on variables such as the type and extent of disease or indication to be treated, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the binding protein delivered, the formulation of the binding protein, the presence and types of excipients in the formulation, and the route of administration. The initial dosage administered may be increased beyond the upper level in order to rapidly achieve the desired blood-level or tissue level, or the initial dosage may be smaller than the optimum and the daily dosage may be progressively increased during the course of treatment depending on the particular situation. Human dosage can be optimized, e.g., in a conventional Phase I dose escalation study designed to run from 0.5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Dosing frequency can vary, depending on factors such as route of administration, dosage amount and the disease condition being treated. Exemplary dosing frequencies are once per day, once per week and once every two weeks. A preferred route of administration is parenteral, e.g., intravenous infusion. Formulation of monoclonal antibody-based drugs is within ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments of the invention, the binding protein, e.g., monoclonal antibody, is lyophilized and reconstituted in buffered saline at the time of administration.

The binding proteins may be administered either alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically active ingredients. The other active ingredients, e.g., immunomodulators, can be administered together with the binding protein, or can be administered before or after the binding protein.

Formulations containing the binding proteins for therapeutic use, typically include the binding proteins combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means buffers, carriers, and excipients, that are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. The carrier(s) should be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulations and not deleterious to the recipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, in this regard, are intended to include any and all buffers, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is known in the art.

The formulations can be conveniently presented in a dosage unit form and can be prepared by any suitable method, including any of the methods well known in the pharmacy art. A pharmaceutical composition of the invention should be formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral administration or non-parenteral administration, for example, intravenous, intradermal, inhalation, transdermal (topical), transmucosal, and rectal administration. Useful solutions for oral or parenteral administration can be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th ed. (Mack Publishing Company, 1990).

Formulations suitable for oral administration can be in the form of: discrete units such as injectables, capsules, gelatin capsules, sachets, tablets, troches, or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the binding protein; a powder or granular composition; a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid; or an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.

Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include, for example, the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.

In general, compositions suitable for injectable use include aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor ELTM (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). It should be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and should be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyetheylene glycol), and suitable mixtures thereof.

Pharmaceutical formulations preferably are sterile. Sterilization can be accomplished, for example, by filtration through sterile filtration membranes. Where the composition is lyophilized, sterilization using this method can be conducted prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution. Once the pharmaceutical composition has been formulated, it can be stored, for example, in vials as a solution, suspension, gel, emulsion, solid, or as a dehydrated or lyophilized powder.

(2) Diagnostic Applications

Whenever the binding proteins are used for diagnostic purposes, either in vitro or in vivo, the binding proteins typically are labeled either directly or indirectly with a detectable moiety. The detectable moiety can be any moiety which is capable of producing, either directly or indirectly, a detectable signal. For example, the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope, such as ³Hydrogen (³H), ¹⁴-Carbon (¹⁴C), ³²Phosphorus (³²P), ³⁵Sulfur (³⁵ S), or ¹²⁵Iodine (¹²⁵I); a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin; an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, or horseradish peroxidase; a spin probe, such as a spin label; or a colored particle, for example, a latex or gold particle. It is understood that the binding protein can be conjugated to the detectable moiety using a number of approaches known in the art, for example, as described in Hunter et al. (1962) NATURE 144: 945; David et al. (1974) BIOCHEMISTRY 13: 1014; Pain et al. (1981) J. IMMUNOL. METH. 40: 219; and Nygren (1982) J. HISTOCHEM. AND CYTOCHEM. 30: 407. The labels may be detected, e.g., visually or with the aid of a spectrophotometer or other detector.

The binding proteins can be employed in a wide range of immunoassay techniques available in the art. Exemplary immunoassays include, for example, sandwich immunoassays, competitive immunoassays, immunohistochemical procedures.

In a sandwich immunoassay, two antibodies that bind an analyte or antigen of interest are used, e.g., one immobilized onto a solid support, and one free in solution and labeled with a detectable moiety. When a sample containing the antigen is introduced into this system, the antigen binds to both the immobilized antibody and the labeled antibody, to form a “sandwich” immune complex on the surface of the support. The complexed protein is detected by washing away non-bound sample components and excess labeled antibody, and measuring the amount of labeled antibody complexed to protein on the support's surface. Alternatively, the antibody free in solution can be detected by a third antibody labeled with a detectable moiety which binds the free antibody. A detailed review of immunological assay design, theory and protocols can be found in numerous texts, including Butt, ed., (1984) PRACTICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Marcel Dekker, New York; Harlow et al. eds. (1988) ANTIBODIES, A LABORATORY APPROACH, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; and Diamandis et al., eds. (1996) IMMUNOASSAY, Academic Press, Boston.

It is contemplated that the labeled binding proteins are useful as in vivo imaging agents, whereby the binding proteins can target the imaging agents to particular tissues of interest in the recipient. A preferred remotely detectable moiety for in vivo imaging includes the radioactive atom Technetium^(−99m) (^(99m)Tc), a gamma emitter with a half-life of about six hours. Non-radioactive moieties also useful in in vivo imaging include nitroxide spin labels as well as lanthanide and transition metal ions all of which induce proton relaxation in situ. In addition to immunoimaging, the complexed radioactive moieties may be used in standard radioimmunotherapy protocols to destroy the targeted cell. Preferred nucleotides for high dose radioimmunotherapy include the radioactive atoms ⁹⁰Yttrium (⁹⁰Yt), ¹³¹Iodine (¹³¹I) and ¹¹¹Indium (¹¹¹In). The binding protein can be labeled with ¹³¹I, ¹¹¹In and ^(99m)TC using coupling techniques known in the imaging arts. Similarly, procedures for preparing and administering the imaging agent as well as capturing and processing images are well known in the imaging art and so are not discussed in detail herein. Similarly, methods for performing antibody-based immunotherapies are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,254.

Throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, it is contemplated that compositions also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components. Similarly, where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, the processes also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Except where indicated otherwise, the order of steps or order for performing certain actions are immaterial so long as the invention remains operable. Moreover, unless otherwise noted, two or more steps or actions may be conducted simultaneously.

EXAMPLES

The following Examples discuss the production and characterization of a number of anti-hHGF monoclonal antibodies.

Example 1 Production of Anti-hHGF Monoclonal Antibodies

This Example describes the production of a number of anti-hHGF monoclonal antibodies.

Immunizations, fusions, and primary screens were conducted at MBS Inc. (Portland, Me.), following the Repetitive Immunization Multiple Sites (RIMMS) protocol. Five AJ mice and Five Balb/c mice were immunized with recombinant human HGF (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.; Catalog No. 294-HGN-025). Two mice with sera displaying highest anti-HGF activity by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were chosen for subsequent fusion. Spleens and lymph nodes from the appropriate mice were harvested. B-cells then were harvested and fused with an myeloma line. Fusion products were serially diluted on one or more plates to near clonality. Supernatants from the resulting fusions were screened for their binding to hHGF by ELISA. Supernatants identified as containing antibodies to HGF were further characterized by in vitro functional testing as discussed in the following examples. A panel of hybridomas was selected and the hybridomas were subcloned and expanded. The monoclonal antibodies then were purified by affinity chromatography on Protein A/G resin under standard conditions.

Example 2 Sequence Analysis of Anti-hHGF Monoclonal Antibodies

This Example describes isotype and sequence analyses of the anti-hHGF monoclonal antibodies produced in Example 1.

a. Determination of HGF Murine Monoclonal Antibody Isotypes

The light-chain type and heavy chain isotype of each monoclonal antibody were determined using the IsoStrip Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Isotyping Kit in accordance the manufacturer's instructions (Roche Applied Science).

All the antibodies were determined to contain a Kappa immunoglobulin light chain and an IgG1 immunoglobulin heavy chain.

b. Determination of Nucleotide Sequences Encoding Immunoglobulin Heavy and Light Chain Variable Regions

Total RNA was extracted from each monoclonal hybridoma cell line using the RNeasy Miniprep kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Qiagen Venlo, The Netherlands). Full-length first strand cDNA was generated using the BD SMART™ RACE cDNA Amplification Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Clontech) using the oligonucleotide primers BD SMART II A (5′ aagcagtggtatcaacgcagagtacgcggg 3′) (SEQ ID NO. 85) and 5′-RACE CDS Primer (5′ tttttttttttttttttttttttttvn 3′, where v=a, g, or c and n=a, g, c, or t) (SEQ ID NO. 86) for the purpose of 5′ RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends).

The variable regions of the Kappa and Heavy (IgG1) immunoglobulin chains were amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the Expand High-Fidelity PCR System (Roche Applied Science) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Heavy chain variable regions were amplified with the 5′ oligonucleotide primer mix Universal Primer Mix A (mix of 5′ ctaatacgactcactatagggcaagcagtggtatcaacgcagagt 3′ (SEQ ID NO. 87) and 5′ ctaatacgactcactatagggc 3′(SEQ ID NO. 88)) and a 3′ IgG1 Constant Region specific primer, either 5′ tatgcaaggcttacaaccaca 3′ (SEQ ID NO. 89) or 5′ gccagtggatagacagatgggggtgtcg 3′ (SEQ ID NO. 90). Kappa chain variable regions were amplified with the 5′ oligonucleotide primer mix Universal Primer Mix A and a 3′ Kappa Constant Region specific primer, either 5′ ctcattcctgttgaagctcttgacaat 3′ (SEQ ID NO. 91) or 5′ cgactgaggcacctccagatgtt 3′ (SEQ ID NO. 92).

Individual PCR products were fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis and purified using the Qiaquick Gel Purification kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Qiagen). The PCR products were subsequently cloned into the pCR2.1 TOPO plasmid using the topoisomerase based cloning kit TOPO TA Cloning® Kit (with pCR®2.1-TOPO® vector) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and transformed into DH5 bacteria using standard transformation techniques. Plasmid DNA isolated from transformed bacterial clones was sequenced using T7 (5′ TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG 3′) (SEQ ID NO. 93), M13 Forward (5′ GTAAAACGACGGCCAGT 3′) (SEQ ID NO. 94), and M13 Reverse primers (5′ CAGGAAACAGCTATGACC 3′) (SEQ ID NO. 95) by Agencourt Bioscience using standard dideoxy DNA sequencing methods to identify the sequence of the variable region sequences. The sequences were analyzed using Vector NTI software (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and the IMGT/V-Quest webserver (http://imgt.cines.fr/textes/vquest) to identify and confirm variable region sequences.

c. Determination of Nucleotide Sequences Encoding Immunoglobulin Heavy and Light Chain Constant Region Sequences for 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8 Kappa and IgG1 Chains

Full Length cDNAs for the 1A3, 1D3, and 1F3 IgG1 chains were PCR amplified from the cDNA created above using the forward primer 5′ ggggacaagtttgtacaaaaaagcaggctgccaccatgaactttgggctcagattgattttcc 3′ (start codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 96) and the reverse primer 5′ ggggaccactttgtacaagaaagctgggttcatttaccaggagagtgggagagg 3′ (stop codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 97). Full Length cDNA for the 2B8 IgG1 chain was amplified from the cDNA created above using the forward primer 5′ ggggacaagtttgtacaaaaaagcaggctgccaccatgggatggagctatatcatcctcttt 3′ (start codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 98) and reverse primer 5′ ggggaccactttgtacaagaaagctgggttcatttaccaggagagtgggagag 3′ (stop codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 99).

Full Length cDNA for the 2B8 Kappa Chain was amplified using the forward primer 5′ ggggacaagtttgtacaaaaaagcaggctgccaccatggaatcacagactctggtcttcata 3′ (start codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 100) and the reverse primer 5′ ggggaccactttgtacaagaaagctgggtctaacactcattcctgttgaagctc 3′ (stop codon underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 101). PCR fragments were subcloned into pDONR221 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) by Gateway BP recombination reaction (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and sequenced by Agencourt Bioscience using standard dideoxy DNA sequencing methods to identify the sequence of the constant region and further confirm variable region sequences.

d. Sequence Analysis

Variable Regions (normal text) were identified using IMGT/V-QUEST webserver software (http://imgt.cines.fr/textes/vquest/). Signal Peptide sequences were predicted based on identification of the in frame start codon (ATG) that was upstream of the identified Variable Region. Signal Peptide sequences were identified and are underlined below.

The last nucleotide of each variable region is the first base of the next codon generated by the variable/constant region junction. This nucleotide is included in the variable region because it is part of that exon. Amino acid sequences of the constant regions listed below include the translation of this junction codon.

In order to create the complete heavy or kappa chain antibody sequences, the variable region sequences noted below are combined with their respective constant region sequences (the signal sequences are underlined).

(1) 1A3 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 1)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctgaattcac tttcagtaac tattacatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tgcagtgggt cgcatacatt agtcctggtg gtggtagctc ctactatcca  241 gccagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgcaag acaaggggat  361 ggttactacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcag (2) 1A3 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 3)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgttt ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttat agtaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtctatgct gcaacaaact tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggacttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaagc tggaaataaa ac (3) 2B8 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 11)    1 atgggatgga gctatatcat cctctttttg gtagcaacag ctacagatgt ccactcccag   61 gtccaactgc agcagcctgg ggctgaactg gtgaagcctg ggacttcagt gaagctgtcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctacac cttcaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgaa tcagaggcct  181 ggacaaggcc ttgagtggat tggagagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat  241 gagaagttca agagcaaggc cacactgact gtagacaaat cctccagcac agcctacatg  301 caactcagca gcctgacatc tgaggactct gcggtctatt actgtgcaag aaactatgtt  361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca cagtctcctc ag (4) 2B8 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 13)    1 atggaatcac agactctggt cttcatatcc atactgctct ggttatatgg tgctgatggg   61 aacattgtaa tgacccaatc tcccaaatcc atgtccatgt cagtaggaga gagggtcacc  121 ttgagctgca aggccagtga gaatgtggtt tcttatgtat cctggtatca acagaaacca  181 gcgcagtctc ctaaactgct gatatacggg gcatccaacc ggaacactgg ggtccccgat  241 cgcttcacag gcagtggatc tgcaacagat ttcactctga ccatcagcag tgtgcgggct  301 gaagaccttg cagattatca ctgtgggcag agttacaact atccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaggc tggaaataaa ac (5) 2F8 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 21)    1 atggaatgga gctgggtctt tctcttcctc ctgtcagtaa ctgcaggtgt ccactgccag   61 gtccagctga agcagtctgg agctgagctg gtgaggcctg ggacttcagt gaagatgtcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctacac cttcactacc tactatatac actgggtgaa tcagaggcct  181 ggacagggcc ttgagtggat tggaaagatt ggtcctggaa gtggtagtac ttactacaat  241 gagatgttca aagacaaggc cacattgact gtagacacat cctccagcac agcctacatg  301 cagctcagca gcctgacatc tgacgactct gcggtctatt tctgtgcaag aaggggactg  361 ggacgtggct ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca cagtctcctc ag (6) 2F8 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 23)    1 atggagacag acacaatcct gctatgggtg ctgctgctct gggttccagg ctccactggt   61 gacattgtgc tgacccaatc tccagcttct ttggctgtgt ctctagggca gagggccacc  121 atctcctgca aggccagcca aagtgttgat tatgatggta atagttatat caactggtac  181 caacagaaac caggacagcc acccaaagtc ctcatctatg ttgcatccaa tctagaatct  241 gggatcccag ccaggtttag tggcagtggg tctgggacag acttcaccct caacatccat  301 cctgtggagg aggaggatgc tgcaacctat tactgtcagc aaagtattga ggatcctccc  361 acgttcggtg ctgggaccaa gctggagctg aaac (7) 3B6 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 31)    1 atggaatggc cttgtatctt tctcttcctc ctgtcagtaa ctgaaggtgt ccactcccag   61 gttcagctgc agcagtctgg ggctgaactg gtgaggcctg ggtcctcagt gaagatttcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctatgt attcagtagc tactggatga actgggtgaa gcagaggcct  181 ggacagggtc ttgagtggat tggacagatt tatcctggag atggtgatag taactacaat  241 ggaaacttca agggtaaagc cacactgact gcagacaaat cctccagtac agcctacatg  301 cagctcagca gcctaacatc tgaggactct gcggtctatt tctgtgcatc ccagctcggg  361 ctacgtgaga actactttga ctactggggc caaggcacca ctctcacagt ctcctcag (8) 3B6 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region (2 possible ATG start codons (uppercase))  (SEQ ID NO. 33)    1 ATGgacATGa ggacccctgc tcagtttctt ggaatcttgt tgctctggtt tccaggtatc   61 aaatgtgaca tcaagatgac ccagtctcca tcttccatgt atgcatctct aggagagaga  121 gtcacaatca cttgcaaggc gagtcaggac attaaaagct atttaagctg gttccagcag  181 aaaccaggga aatctcctaa gaccctgatc tatcgtgtaa acagattggt agatggggtc  241 ccatcaaggt tcagtggcag tggatctggg caagattctt ctctcaccat caccagcctg  301 gagaatgaag atatgggaat ttattattgt ctacagtatg atgagtttcc gttcacgttc  361 ggagggggga ccaagctgga aataaagc (9) 3D11 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 41)    1 atggctgtcc cggtgctgtt cctctgcctg gttgcatttc caagctgtgt cctgtcccag   61 gtacagctga aggagtcagg acctggcctg gtggcgccct cacagagcct gtccatcact  121 tgcactgtct ctgggttttc attaaccagc tatagtttac actgggttcg ccagcctcca  181 ggaaagggtc tggaatggct gggagtaata tgggctggtg gaaacacaaa ttataattcg  241 tctctcatgt ccagactgac catcaggaaa gacaactcca agagccaagt tttcttaaaa  301 atgaacagtc tgcaaactga tgacacagcc atgtactact gtgccagaga gaggtttgct  361 tactggggcc aagggactct ggtcactgtc tctgcag (10) 3D11 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 43)    1 atggattttc aagtgcagat tttcagcttc ctgctaatca gtgcctcagt caaaatatcc   61 agaggacaaa ttgttctcac ccagtctcca gcaatcatgt ctgcatatcc aggggagaag  121 gtcaccatga cctgcagtgc cagctcaagt gtaagttaca tgcactggta ccagcagaag  181 tcaggcacct cccccaaaag atggatttat gacacatcca aactggcttc tggagtccct  241 gctcgcttca gtggcagtgg gtctgggacc tcttactccc tcacaatcag tagtatggag  301 gctgaagatg ctgccactta ttactgccag cagtggagta gtaacccact cacgttcggt  361 gctgggacca agctggagct gaaac (11) 1D3 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 51)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctggattcac tttcagtgac tattacatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatacatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc cgagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatatatt actgtgtgag acaaggggat  361 ggttattacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt catcgtctcc  421 tcag (12) 1D3 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 53)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgtcagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gaacaagtga gaatatttac agtaatttag cgtggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct aatctatgct gcaacaaact tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca ggatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggaggtatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggga ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaaac tggaaataaa ac (13) 1F3 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 61)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgag   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagtctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcggcct ctggattcac tttcagtaac tatttcatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatatatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctct agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgtaag acaaggggat  361 ggttactacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcag (14) 1F3 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 63)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttac agtaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtctatgat gcaacacact taccagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggagttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gtttggaggg  361 gggaccagac tggaaattaa ac (15) 3A12 Heavy Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 71)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaaatctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctggatttac tttcagtaac tatttcatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatacatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgaaca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgtaag acaaggagat  361 ggttactatg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcag (16) 3A12 Kappa Light Chain Variable Region  (SEQ ID NO. 73)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc gccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttac attaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtccatgct gcaacaaagt tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag tattccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggagttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaaac tagaaataaa ac (17) Reference Mouse IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (J00453)  (SEQ ID NO. 81)    1 ccaaaacgac acccccatct gtctatccac tggcccctgg atctgctgcc caaactaact   61 ccatggtgac cctgggatgc ctggtcaagg gctatttccc tgagccagtg acagtgacct  121 ggaactctgg atccctgtcc agcggtgtgc acaccttccc agctgtcctg gagtctgacc  181 tctacactct gagcagctca gtgactgtcc cctccagccc tcggcccagc gagaccgtca  241 cctgcaacgt tgcccacccg gccagcagca ccaaggtgga caagaaaatt gtgcccaggg  301 attgtggttg taagccttgc atatgtacag tcccagaagt atcatctgtc ttcatcttcc  361 ccccaaagcc caaggatgtg ctcaccatta ctctgactcc taaggtcacg tgtgttgtgg  421 tagacatcag caaggatgat cccgaggtcc agttcagctg gtttgtagat gatgtggagg  481 tgcacacagc tcagacgcaa ccccgggagg agcagttcaa cagcactttc cgctcagtca  541 gtgaacttcc catcatgcac caggactggc tcaatggcaa ggagttcaaa tgcagggtca  601 acagtgcagc tttccctgcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaaaccaaa ggcagaccga  661 aggctccaca ggtgtacacc attccacctc ccaaggagca gatggccaag gataaagtca  721 gtctgacctg catgataaca gacttcttcc ctgaagacat tactgtggag tggcagtgga  781 atgggcagcc agcggagaac tacaagaaca ctcagcccat catgaacacg aatggctctt  841 acttcgtcta cagcaagctc aatgtgcaga agagcaactg ggaggcagga aatactttca  901 cctgctctgt gttacatgag ggcctgcaca accaccatac tgagaagagc ctctcccact  961 ctcctggtaa atga (18) Mouse IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region Determined for 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8 (derived from AJ strain mice)  (SEQ ID NO. 82)    1 ccaaaacgac acccccatct gtctatccac tggcccctgg atctgctgcc caaactaact   61 ccatggtgac cctgggatgc ctggtcaagg gctatttccc tgagccagtg acagtgacct  121 ggaactctgg atccctgtcc agcggtgtgc acaccttccc agctgtcctg cagtctgacc  181 tctacactct gagcagctca gtgactgtcc cctccagcac ctggcccagc gagaccgtca  241 cctgcaacgt tgcccacccg gccagcagca ccaaggtgga caagaaaatt gtgcccaggg  301 attgtggttg taagccttgc atatgtacag tcccagaagt atcatctgtc ttcatcttcc  361 ccccaaagcc caaggatgtg ctcaccatta ctctgactcc taaggtcacg tgtgttgtgg  421 tagacatcag caaggatgat cccgaggtcc agttcagctg gtttgtagat gatgtggagg  481 tgcacacagc tcagacgcaa ccccgggagg agcagttcaa cagcactttc cgctcagtca  541 gtgaacttcc catcatgcac caggactggc tcaatggcaa ggagttcaaa tgcagggtca  601 acagtgcagc tttccctgcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaaaccaaa ggcagaccga  661 aggctccaca ggtgtacacc attccacctc ccaaggagca gatggccaag gataaagtca  721 gtctgacctg catgataaca gacttcttcc ctgaagacat tactgtggag tggcagtgga  781 atgggcagcc agcggagaac tacaagaaca ctcagcccat catggacaca gatggctctt  841 acttcgtcta cagcaagctc aatgtgcaga agagcaactg ggaggcagga aatactttca  901 cctgctctgt gttacatgag ggcctgcaca accaccatac tgagaagagc ctctcccact  961 ctcctggtaa atga (19) Reference Mouse Kappa Light Chain Constant Region (V00807) and Mouse Kappa Light Chain Constant Region Determined for 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8  (derived from AJ strain mice)  (SEQ ID NO. 83)    1 gggctgatgc tgcaccaact gtatccatct tcccaccatc cagtgagcag ttaacatctg   61 gaggtgcctc agtcgtgtgc ttcttgaaca acttctaccc caaagacatc aatgtcaagt  121 ggaagattga tggcagtgaa cgacaaaatg gcgtcctgaa cagttggact gatcaggaca  181 gcaaagacag cacctacagc atgagcagca ccctcacgtt gaccaaggac gagtatgaac  241 gacataacag ctatacctgt gaggccactc acaagacatc aacttcaccc attgtcaaga  301 gcttcaacag gaatgagtgt tag (20) Mouse Kappa Light Chain Constant Region Determined for 1A3 containing one altered nucleotide compared to 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8 (underlined)  (SEQ ID NO. 84)    1 gggctgatgc tgcaccaact gtatccatct tcccaccatc cagtgagcag ttaacatctg   61 gaggtgcctc agtcgtgtgc ttcttgaaca acttctaccc caaagacatc aatgtcaagt  121 ggaagattga tggcagtgaa cgacaaaatg gcgtcctgaa cagttggact gatcaggaca  181 gcaaagacag cacctacagc atgagcagca ccctcatgtt gaccaaggac gagtatgaac  241 gacataacag ctatacctgt gaggccactc acaagacatc aacttcaccc attgtcaaga  301 gcttcaacag gaatgagtgt tag

Each of the amino acid sequences defining the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions for the antibodies produced in Example 1 are set forth in FIG. 2. Each of the sequences are aligned with one another and the sequences defining the signal peptide, CDR₁, CDR₂ and CDR₃ are identified by boxes. FIG. 3 shows an alignment of the separate CDR₁, CDR₂ and CDR₃ sequences for each of the antibodies.

Each of the amino acid sequences defining the immunoglobulin light chain variable regions for each of the antibodies produced in Example 1 are set forth in FIG. 4. Each of the sequences are aligned with one another and the sequences defining the signal peptide, CDR₁, CDR₂ and CDR₃ are identified by boxes. FIG. 5 shows an alignment of the separate CDR₁, CDR₂ and CDR₃ sequences for each of the antibodies.

For convenience, Table 1 provides a concordance chart showing the correspondence between the antibody sequences discussed in this Example with those presented in the Sequence Listing.

TABLE 1 SEQ. ID NO. Protein or Nucleic Acid 1 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1A3 - nucleic acid 2 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1A3 - protein 3 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1A3 - nucleic acid 4 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1A3 - protein 5 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 1A3 6 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 1A3 7 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 1A3 8 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 1A3 9 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 1A3 10 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 1A3 11 Heavy Chain Variable Region 2B8 - nucleic acid 12 Heavy Chain Variable Region 2B8 - protein 13 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 2B8 - nucleic acid 14 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 2B8 - protein 15 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 2B8 16 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 2B8 17 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 2B8 18 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 2B8 19 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 2B8 20 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 2B8 21 Heavy Chain Variable Region 2F8 - nucleic acid 22 Heavy Chain Variable Region 2F8 - protein 23 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 2F8 - nucleic acid 24 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 2F8 - protein 25 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 2F8 26 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 2F8 27 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 2F8 28 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 2F8 29 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 2F8 30 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 2F8 31 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3B6 - nucleic acid 32 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3B6 - protein 33 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3B6 - nucleic acid 34 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3B6 - protein 35 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 3B6 36 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 3B6 37 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 3B6 38 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 3B6 39 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 3B6 40 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 3B6 41 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3D11 - nucleic acid 42 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3D11 - protein 43 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3D11 - nucleic acid 44 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3D11 - protein 45 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 3D11 46 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 3D11 47 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 3D11 48 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 3D11 49 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 3D11 50 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 3D11 51 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1D3 - nucleic acid 52 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1D3 - protein 53 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1D3 - nucleic acid 54 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1D3 - protein 55 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 1D3 56 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 1D3 57 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 1D3 58 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 1D3 59 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 1D3 60 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 1D3 61 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1F3 - nucleic acid 62 Heavy Chain Variable Region 1F3 - protein 63 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1F3 - nucleic acid 64 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 1F3 - protein 65 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 1F3 66 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 1F3 67 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 1F3 68 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 1F3 69 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 1F3 70 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 1F3 71 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3A12 - nucleic acid 72 Heavy Chain Variable Region 3A12 - protein 73 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3A12 - nucleic acid 74 Light (kappa) Chain Variable Region 3A12 - protein 75 Heavy Chain CDR₁ 3A12 76 Heavy Chain CDR₂ 3A12 77 Heavy Chain CDR₃ 3A12 78 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₁ 3A12 79 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₂ 3A12 80 Light (kappa) Chain CDR₃ 3A12

Also, for convenience, the following sequences represent the actual or contemplated full length heavy and light chain sequences (i.e., containing both the variable and constant region sequences) for each of the antibodies described in this Example. It is noted that the constant regions of the murine antibodies 2F8, 3A12, 3B6, and 3D11 were not sequenced but are presumed to have the same constant region sequences as the 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8 antibodies, which were sequenced, as they were all derived from AJ strain mice. It is appreciated, however, that the variable region sequences described herein can be ligated to each of a number of other constant region sequences known to those skilled in the art to produce active full length immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.

(1) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1A3 Heavy Chain Sequence (1A3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 122)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctgaattcac tttcagtaac tattacatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tgcagtgggt cgcatacatt agtcctggtg gtggtagctc ctactatcca  241 gccagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgcaag acaaggggat  361 ggttactacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcagccaaaa cgacaccccc atctgtctat ccactggccc ctggatctgc tgcccaaact  481 aactccatgg tgaccctggg atgcctggtc aagggctatt tccctgagcc agtgacagtg  541 acctggaact ctggatccct gtccagcggt gtgcacacct tcccagctgt cctgcagtct  601 gacctctaca ctctgagcag ctcagtgact gtcccctcca gcacctggcc cagcgagacc  661 gtcacctgca acgttgccca cccggccagc agcaccaagg tggacaagaa aattgtgccc  721 agggattgtg gttgtaagcc ttgcatatgt acagtcccag aagtatcatc tgtcttcatc  781 ttccccccaa agcccaagga tgtgctcacc attactctga ctcctaaggt cacgtgtgtt  841 gtggtagaca tcagcaagga tgatcccgag gtccagttca gctggtttgt agatgatgtg  901 gaggtgcaca cagctcagac gcaaccccgg gaggagcagt tcaacagcac tttccgctca  961 gtcagtgaac ttcccatcat gcaccaggac tggctcaatg gcaaggagtt caaatgcagg 1021 gtcaacagtg cagctttccc tgcccccatc gagaaaacca tctccaaaac caaaggcaga 1081 ccgaaggctc cacaggtgta caccattcca cctcccaagg agcagatggc caaggataaa 1141 gtcagtctga cctgcatgat aacagacttc ttccctgaag acattactgt ggagtggcag 1201 tggaatgggc agccagcgga gaactacaag aacactcagc ccatcatgga cacagatggc 1261 tcttacttcg tctacagcaa gctcaatgtg cagaagagca actgggaggc aggaaatact 1321 ttcacctgct ctgtgttaca tgagggcctg cacaaccacc atactgagaa gagcctctcc 1381 cactctcctg gtaaatga (2) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 1A3 Heavy Chain Sequence (1A3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 123)    1 evqlvesggg lvqpggslkl scaaseftfs nyymswvrqt pekrlqwvay ispgggssyy   61 pasvkgrfti srdnakntly lqmsslksed tamyycarqg dgyygdyamd ywgqgtsvtv  121 ssakttppsv yplapgsaaq tnsmvtlgcl vkgyfpepvt vtwnsgslss gvhtfpavlq  181 sdlytlsssv tvpsstwpse tvtcnvahpa sstkvdkkiv prdcgckpci ctvpevssvf  241 ifppkpkdvl titltpkvtc vvvdiskddp evqfswfvdd vevhtaqtqp reeqfnstfr  301 syselpimhq dwlngkefkc rvnsaafpap iektisktkg rpkapqvyti pppkeqmakd  361 kvsltcmitd ffpeditvew qwngqpaeny kntqpimdtd gsyfvyskln vqksnweagn  421 tftcsvlheg lhnhhteksl shspgk (3) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1A3 Light Chain Sequence (1A3 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 124)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgttt ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttat agtaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtctatgct gcaacaaact tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggacttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaagc tggaaataaa acgggctgat gctgcaccaa ctgtatccat cttcccacca  421 tccagtgagc agttaacatc tggaggtgcc tcagtcgtgt gcttcttgaa caacttctac  481 cccaaagaca tcaatgtcaa gtggaagatt gatggcagtg aacgacaaaa tggcgtcctg  541 aacagttgga ctgatcagga cagcaaagac agcacctaca gcatgagcag caccctcatg  601 ttgaccaagg acgagtatga acgacataac agctatacct gtgaggccac tcacaagaca  661 tcaacttcac ccattgtcaa gagcttcaac aggaatgagt gttag Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 125)    1 diqmtqspas lsysvgetvt itcraseniy snlawyqqkq gkspqllvya atnladgvps   61 rfsgsgsgtq fslkinslqs edfgtyycqh fwgtpytfgg gtkleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlm  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec (5) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 2B8 Heavy Chain Sequence (2B8 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 126)    1 atgggatgga gctatatcat cctctttttg gtagcaacag ctacagatgt ccactcccag   61 gtccaactgc agcagcctgg ggctgaactg gtgaagcctg ggacttcagt gaagctgtcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctacac cttcaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgaa tcagaggcct  181 ggacaaggcc ttgagtggat tggagagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat  241 gagaagttca agagcaaggc cacactgact gtagacaaat cctccagcac agcctacatg  301 caactcagca gcctgacatc tgaggactct gcggtctatt actgtgcaag aaactatgtt  361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca cagtctcctc agccaaaacg  421 acacccccat ctgtctatcc actggcccct ggatctgctg cccaaactaa ctccatggtg  481 accctgggat gcctggtcaa gggctatttc cctgagccag tgacagtgac ctggaactct  541 ggatccctgt ccagcggtgt gcacaccttc ccagctgtcc tgcagtctga cctctacact  601 ctgagcagct cagtgactgt cccctccagc acctggccca gcgagaccgt cacctgcaac  661 gttgcccacc cggccagcag caccaaggtg gacaagaaaa ttgtgcccag ggattgtggt  721 tgtaagcctt gcatatgtac agtcccagaa gtatcatctg tcttcatctt ccccccaaag  781 cccaaggatg tgctcaccat tactctgact cctaaggtca cgtgtgttgt ggtagacatc  841 agcaaggatg atcccgaggt ccagttcagc tggtttgtag atgatgtgga ggtgcacaca  901 gctcagacgc aaccccggga ggagcagttc aacagcactt tccgctcagt cagtgaactt  961 cccatcatgc accaggactg gctcaatggc aaggagttca aatgcagggt caacagtgca 1021 gctttccctg cccccatcga gaaaaccatc tccaaaacca aaggcagacc gaaggctcca 1081 caggtgtaca ccattccacc tcccaaggag cagatggcca aggataaagt cagtctgacc 1141 tgcatgataa cagacttctt ccctgaagac attactgtgg agtggcagtg gaatgggcag 1201 ccagcggaga actacaagaa cactcagccc atcatggaca cagatggctc ttacttcgtc 1261 tacagcaagc tcaatgtgca gaagagcaac tgggaggcag gaaatacttt cacctgctct 1321 gtgttacatg agggcctgca caaccaccat actgagaaga gcctctccca ctctcctggt 1381 aaatga (6) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 2B8 Heavy Chain Sequence (2B8 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 127)    1 qvqlqqpgae lvkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvnqr pgqglewige inptnghtny   61 nekfkskatl tvdkssstay mqlssltsed savyycarny vgsifdywgq gttltvssak  121 ttppsvypla pgsaaqtnsm vtlgclvkgy fpepvtvtwn sgslssgvht fpavlqsdly  181 tlsssvtvps stwpsetvtc nvahpasstk vdkkivprdc gckpcictvp evssvfifpp  241 kpkdvltitl tpkvtcvvvd iskddpevqf swfvddvevh taqtqpreeq fnstfrsvse  301 lpimhqdwln gkefkcrvns aafpapiekt isktkgrpka pqvytipppk eqmakdkvsl  361 tcmitdffpe ditvewqwng qpaenykntq pimdtdgsyf vysklnvqks nweagntftc  421 svlheglhnh htekslshsp gk (7) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 2B8 Light Chain Sequence (2B8 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 128)    1 atggaatcac agactctggt cttcatatcc atactgctct ggttatatgg tgctgatggg   61 aacattgtaa tgacccaatc tcccaaatcc atgtccatgt cagtaggaga gagggtcacc  121 ttgagctgca aggccagtga gaatgtggtt tcttatgtat cctggtatca acagaaacca  181 gcgcagtctc ctaaactgct gatatacggg gcatccaacc ggaacactgg ggtccccgat  241 cgcttcacag gcagtggatc tgcaacagat ttcactctga ccatcagcag tgtgcgggct  301 gaagaccttg cagattatca ctgtgggcag agttacaact atccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaggc tggaaataaa acgggctgat gctgcaccaa ctgtatccat cttcccacca  421 tccagtgagc agttaacatc tggaggtgcc tcagtcgtgt gcttcttgaa caacttctac  481 cccaaagaca tcaatgtcaa gtggaagatt gatggcagtg aacgacaaaa tggcgtcctg  541 aacagttgga ctgatcagga cagcaaagac agcacctaca gcatgagcag caccctcacg  601 ttgaccaagg acgagtatga acgacataac agctatacct gtgaggccac tcacaagaca  661 tcaacttcac ccattgtcaa gagcttcaac aggaatgagt gttag (8) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 2B8 Light Chain Sequence (2B8 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 129)    1 nivmtqspks msmsvgervt lsckasenvv syvswyqqkp aqspklliyg asnrntgvpd   61 rftgsgsatd ftltissvra edladyhcgq synypytfgg gtrleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlt  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec (9) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 2F8 Heavy Chain Sequence (2F8 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 130)    1 atggaatgga gctgggtctt tctcttcctc ctgtcagtaa ctgcaggtgt ccactgccag   61 gtccagctga agcagtctgg agctgagctg gtgaggcctg ggacttcagt gaagatgtcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctacac cttcactacc tactatatac actgggtgaa tcagaggcct  181 ggacagggcc ttgagtggat tggaaagatt ggtcctggaa gtggtagtac ttactacaat  241 gagatgttca aagacaaggc cacattgact gtagacacat cctccagcac agcctacatg  301 cagctcagca gcctgacatc tgacgactct gcggtctatt tctgtgcaag aaggggactg  361 ggacgtggct ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca cagtctcctc agccaaaacg  421 acacccccat ctgtctatcc actggcccct ggatctgctg cccaaactaa ctccatggtg  481 accctgggat gcctggtcaa gggctatttc cctgagccag tgacagtgac ctggaactct  541 ggatccctgt ccagcggtgt gcacaccttc ccagctgtcc tgcagtctga cctctacact  601 ctgagcagct cagtgactgt cccctccagc acctggccca gcgagaccgt cacctgcaac  661 gttgcccacc cggccagcag caccaaggtg gacaagaaaa ttgtgcccag ggattgtggt  721 tgtaagcctt gcatatgtac agtcccagaa gtatcatctg tcttcatctt ccccccaaag  781 cccaaggatg tgctcaccat tactctgact cctaaggtca cgtgtgttgt ggtagacatc  841 agcaaggatg atcccgaggt ccagttcagc tggtttgtag atgatgtgga ggtgcacaca  901 gctcagacgc aaccccggga ggagcagttc aacagcactt tccgctcagt cagtgaactt  961 cccatcatgc accaggactg gctcaatggc aaggagttca aatgcagggt caacagtgca 1021 gctttccctg cccccatcga gaaaaccatc tccaaaacca aaggcagacc gaaggctcca 1081 caggtgtaca ccattccacc tcccaaggag cagatggcca aggataaagt cagtdtgacc 1141 tgcatgataa cagacttctt ccctgaagac attactgtgg agtggcagtg gaatgggcag 1201 ccagcggaga actacaagaa cactcagccc atcatggaca cagatggctc ttacttcgtc 1261 tacagcaagc tcaatgtgca gaagagcaac tgggaggcag gaaatacttt cacctgctct 1321 gtgttacatg agggcctgca caaccaccat actgagaaga gcctctccca ctctcctggt 1381 aaatga (10) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 2F8 Heavy Chain Sequence (2F8 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 131)    1 qvqlkqsgae lvrpgtsvkm sckasgytft tyyihwvnqr pgqglewigk igpgsgstyy   61 nemfkdkatl tvdtssstay mqlssltsdd savyfcarrg lgrgfdywgq gttltvssak  121 ttppsvypla pgsaaqtnsm vtlgclvkgy fpepvtvtwn sgslssgvht fpavlqsdly  181 tlsssvtvps stwpsetvtc nvahpasstk vdkkivprdc gckpcictvp evssvfifpp  241 kpkdvltitl tpkvtcvvvd iskddpevqf swfvddvevh taqtqpreeq fnstfrsyse  301 lpimhqdwln gkefkcrvns aafpapiekt isktkgrpka pqvytipppk eqmakdkvsl  361 tcmitdffpe ditvewqwng qpaenykntq pimdtdgsyf vysklnvqks nweagntftc  421 svlheglhnh htekslshsp gk (11) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 2F8 Light Chain Sequence (2F8 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 132)    1 atggagacag acacaatcct gctatgggtg ctgctgctct gggttccagg ctccactggt   61 gacattgtgc tgacccaatc tccagcttct ttggctgtgt ctctagggca gagggccacc  121 atctcctgca aggccagcca aagtgttgat tatgatggta atagttatat caactggtac  181 caacagaaac caggacagcc acccaaagtc ctcatctatg ttgcatccaa tctagaatct  241 gggatcccag ccaggtttag tggcagtggg tctgggacag acttcaccct caacatccat  301 cctgtggagg aggaggatgc tgcaacctat tactgtcagc aaagtattga ggatcctccc  361 acgttcggtg ctgggaccaa gctggagctg aaacgggctg atgctgcacc aactgtatcc  421 atcttcccac catccagtga gcagttaaca tctggaggtg cctcagtcgt gtgcttcttg  481 aacaacttct accccaaaga catcaatgtc aagtggaaga ttgatggcag tgaacgacaa  541 aatggcgtcc tgaacagttg gactgatcag gacagcaaag acagcaccta cagcatgagc  601 agcaccctca cgttgaccaa ggacgagtat gaacgacata acagctatac ctgtgaggcc  661 actcacaaga catcaacttc acccattgtc aagagcttca acaggaatga gtgttag (12) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 2F8 Light Chain Sequence (2F8 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 133)    1 divltqspas lavslgqrat isckasqsvd ydgnsyinwy qqkpgqppkv liyvasnles   61 giparfsgsg sgtdftlnih pveeedaaty ycqqsiedpp tfgagtklel kradaaptvs  121 ifppsseqlt sggasvvcfl nnfypkdinv kwkidgserq ngvlnswtdq dskdstysms  181 stltltkdey erhnsytcea thktstspiv ksfnrnec (13) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3B6 Heavy Chain Sequence f3B6 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 134)    1 atggaatggc cttgtatctt tctcttcctc ctgtcagtaa ctgaaggtgt ccactcccag   61 gttcagctgc agcagtctgg ggctgaactg gtgaggcctg ggtcctcagt gaagatttcc  121 tgcaaggctt ctggctatgt attcagtagc tactggatga actgggtgaa gcagaggcct  181 ggacagggtc ttgagtggat tggacagatt tatcctggag atggtgatag taactacaat  241 ggaaacttca agggtaaagc cacactgact gcagacaaat cctccagtac agcctacatg  301 cagctcagca gcctaacatc tgaggactct gcggtctatt tctgtgcatc ccagctcggg  361 ctacgtgaga actactttga ctactggggc caaggcacca ctctcacagt ctcctcagcc  421 aaaacgacac ccccatctgt ctatccactg gcccctggat ctgctgccca aactaactcc  481 atggtgaccc tgggatgcct ggtcaagggc tatttccctg agccagtgac agtgacctgg  541 aactctggat ccctgtccag cggtgtgcac accttcccag ctgtcctgca gtctgacctc  601 tacactctga gcagctcagt gactgtcccc tccagcacct ggcccagcga gaccgtcacc  661 tgcaacgttg cccacccggc cagcagcacc aaggtggaca agaaaattgt gcccagggat  721 tgtggttgta agccttgcat atgtacagtc ccagaagtat catctgtctt catcttcccc  781 ccaaagccca aggatgtgct caccattact ctgactccta aggtcacgtg tgttgtggta  841 gacatcagca aggatgatcc cgaggtccag ttcagctggt ttgtagatga tgtggaggtg  901 cacacagctc agacgcaacc ccgggaggag cagttcaaca gcactttccg ctcagtcagt  961 gaacttccca tcatgcacca ggactggctc aatggcaagg agttcaaatg cagggtcaac 1021 agtgcagctt tccctgcccc catcgagaaa accatctcca aaaccaaagg cagaccgaag 1081 gctccacagg tgtacaccat tccacctccc aaggagcaga tggccaagga taaagtcagt 1141 ctgacctgca tgataacaga cttcttccct gaagacatta ctgtggagtg gcagtggaat 1201 gggcagccag cggagaacta caagaacact cagcccatca tggacacaga tggctcttac 1261 ttcgtctaca gcaagctcaa tgtgcagaag agcaactggg aggcaggaaa tactttcacc 1321 tgctctgtgt tacatgaggg cctgcacaac caccatactg agaagagcct ctcccactct 1381 cctggtaaat ga (14) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3B6 Heavy Chain Sequence (3B6 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 135)    1 qvqlqqsgae lvrpgssvki sckasgyvfs sywmnwvkqr pgqglewigq iypgdgdsny   61 ngnfkgkatl tadkssstay mqlssltsed savyfcasql glrenyfdyw gqgttltvss  121 akttppsvyp lapgsaaqtn smvtlgclvk gyfpepvtvt wnsgslssgv htfpavlqsd  181 lytlsssvtv psstwpsetv tcnvahpass tkvdkkivpr dcgckpcict vpevssvfif  241 ppkpkdvlti tltpkvtcvv vdiskddpev qfswfvddve vhtaqtqpre eqfnstfrsv  301 selpimhqdw lngkefkcrv nsaafpapie ktisktkgrp kapqvytipp pkeqmakdkv  361 sltcmitdff peditvewqw ngqpaenykn tqpimdtdgs yfvysklnvq ksnweagntf  421 tcsvlheglh nhhtekslsh spgk (15) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3B6 Light Chain Sequence (3B6 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 136)    1 ATGgacATGa ggacccctgc tcagtttctt ggaatcttgt tgctctggtt tccaggtatc   61 aaatgtgaca tcaagatgac ccagtctcca tcttccatgt atgcatctct aggagagaga  121 gtcacaatca cttgcaaggc gagtcaggac attaaaagct atttaagctg gttccagcag  181 aaaccaggga aatctcctaa gaccctgatc tatcgtgtaa acagattggt agatggggtc  241 ccatcaaggt tcagtggcag tggatctggg caagattctt ctctcaccat caccagcctg  301 gagaatgaag atatgggaat ttattattgt ctacagtatg atgagtttcc gttcacgttc  361 ggagggggga ccaagctgga aataaagcgg gctgatgctg caccaactgt atccatcttc  421 ccaccatcca gtgagcagtt aacatctgga ggtgcctcag tcgtgtgctt cttgaacaac  481 ttctacccca aagacatcaa tgtcaagtgg aagattgatg gcagtgaacg acaaaatggc  541 gtcctgaaca gttggactga tcaggacagc aaagacagca cctacagcat gagcagcacc  601 ctcacgttga ccaaggacga gtatgaacga cataacagct atacctgtga ggccactcac  661 aagacatcaa cttcacccat tgtcaagagc ttcaacagga atgagtgtta g (16) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3B6 Light Chain Sequence (3B6 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 137)    1 dikmtqspss myaslgervt itckasqdik sylswfqqkp gkspktliyr vnrlvdgvps   61 rfsgsgsgqd ssltitslen edmgiyyclq ydefpftfgg gtkleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlt  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec (17) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3D11 Heavy Chain Sequence (3D11 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 138)    1 atggctgtcc cggtgctgtt cctctgcctg gttgcatttc caagctgtgt cctgtcccag   61 gtacagctga aggagtcagg acctggcctg gtggcgccct cacagagcct gtccatcact  121 tgcactgtct ctgggttttc attaaccagc tatagtttac actgggttcg ccagcctcca  181 ggaaagggtc tggaatggct gggagtaata tgggctggtg gaaacacaaa ttataattcg  241 tctctcatgt ccagactgac catcaggaaa gacaactcca agagccaagt tttcttaaaa  301 atgaacagtc tgcaaactga tgacacagcc atgtactact gtgccagaga gaggtttgct  361 tactggggcc aagggactct ggtcactgtc tctgcagcca aaacgacacc cccatctgtc  421 tatccactgg cccctggatc tgctgcccaa actaactcca tggtgaccct gggatgcctg  481 gtcaagggct atttccctga gccagtgaca gtgacctgga actctggatc cctgtccagc  541 ggtgtgcaca ccttcccagc tgtcctgcag tctgacctct acactctgag cagctcagtg  601 actgtcccct ccagcacctg gcccagcgag accgtcacct gcaacgttgc ccacccggcc  661 agcagcacca aggtggacaa gaaaattgtg cccagggatt gtggttgtaa gccttgcata  721 tgtacagtcc cagaagtatc atctgtcttc atcttccccc caaagcccaa ggatgtgctc  781 accattactc tgactcctaa ggtcacgtgt gttgtggtag acatcagcaa ggatgatccc  841 gaggtccagt tcagctggtt tgtagatgat gtggaggtgc acacagctca gacgcaaccc  901 cgggaggagc agttcaacag cactttccgc tcagtcagtg aacttcccat catgcaccag  961 gactggctca atggcaagga gttcaaatgc agggtcaaca gtgcagcttt ccctgccccc 1021 atcgagaaaa ccatctccaa aaccaaaggc agaccgaagg ctccacaggt gtacaccatt 1081 ccacctccca aggagcagat ggccaaggat aaagtcagtc tgacctgcat gataacagac 1141 ttcttccctg aagacattac tgtggagtgg cagtggaatg ggcagccagc ggagaactac 1201 aagaacactc agcccatcat ggacacagat ggctcttact tcgtctacag caagctcaat 1261 gtgcagaaga gcaactggga ggcaggaaat actttcacct gctctgtgtt acatgagggc 1321 ctgcacaacc accatactga gaagagcctc tcccactctc ctggtaaatg a (18) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3D11 Heavy Chain Sequence (3D11 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 139)    1 qvqlkesgpg lvapsqslsi tctvsgfslt syslhwvrqp pgkglewlgv iwaggntnyn   61 sslmsrltir kdnsksqvfl kmnslqtddt amyycarerf aywgqgtivt vsaakttpps  121 vyplapgsaa qtnsmvtlgc lvkgyfpepv tvtwnsgsls sgvhtfpavl qsdlytlsss  181 vtvpsstwps etvtcnvahp asstkvdkki vprdcgckpc ictvpevssv fifppkpkdv  241 ltitltpkvt cvvvdiskdd pevqfswfvd dvevhtaqtq preeqinstf rsyselpimh  301 qdwlngkefk crvnsaafpa piektisktk grpkapqvyt ipppkeqmak dkvsltcmit  361 dffpeditve wqwngqpaen ykntqpimdt dgsyfvyskl nvqksnweag ntftcsvlhe  421 glhnhhteks lshspgk (19) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3D11 Light Chain Sequence (3D11 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 140)    1 atggattttc aagtgcagat tttcagcttc ctgctaatca gtgcctcagt caaaatatcc   61 agaggacaaa ttgttctcac ccagtctcca gcaatcatgt ctgcatatcc aggggagaag  121 gtcaccatga cctgcagtgc cagctcaagt gtaagttaca tgcactggta ccagcagaag  181 tcaggcacct cccccaaaag atggatttat gacacatcca aactggcttc tggagtccct  241 gctcgcttca gtggcagtgg gtctgggacc tcttactccc tcacaatcag tagtatggag  301 gctgaagatg ctgccactta ttactgccag cagtggagta gtaacccact cacgttcggt  361 gctgggacca agctggagct gaaacgggct gatgctgcac caactgtatc catcttccca  421 ccatccagtg agcagttaac atctggaggt gcctcagtcg tgtgcttctt gaacaacttc  481 taccccaaag acatcaatgt caagtggaag attgatggca gtgaacgaca aaatggcgtc  541 ctgaacagtt ggactgatca ggacagcaaa gacagcacct acagcatgag cagcaccctc  601 acgttgacca aggacgagta tgaacgacat aacagctata cctgtgaggc cactcacaag  661 acatcaactt cacccattgt caagagcttc aacaggaatg agtgttag (20) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3D11 Light Chain Sequence (3D11 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 141)    1 qivltqspai msaypgekvt mtcsasssys ymhwyqqksg tspkrwiydt sklasgvpar   61 fsgsgsgtsy sltissmeae daatyycqqw ssnpltfgag tklelkrada aptvsifpps  121 seqltsggas vvcflnnfyp kdinvkwkid gserqngvin swtdqdskds tysmsstltl  181 tkdeyerhns ytceathkts tspivksfnr nec (21) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1D3 Heavy Chain Sequence (1D3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 142)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctggattcac tttcagtgac tattacatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatacatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc cgagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatatatt actgtgtgag acaaggggat  361 ggttattacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt catcgtctcc  421 tcagccaaaa cgacaccccc atctgtctat ccactggccc ctggatctgc tgcccaaact  481 aactccatgg tgaccctggg atgcctggtc aagggctatt tccctgagcc agtgacagtg  541 acctggaact ctggatccct gtccagcggt gtgcacacct tcccagctgt cctgcagtct  601 gacctctaca ctctgagcag ctcagtgact gtcccctcca gcacctggcc cagcgagacc  661 gtcacctgca acgttgccca cccggccagc agcaccaagg tggacaagaa aattgtgccc  721 agggattgtg gttgtaagcc ttgcatatgt acagtcccag aagtatcatc tgtcttcatc  781 ttccccccaa agcccaagga tgtgctcacc attactctga ctcctaaggt cacgtgtgtt  841 gtggtagaca tcagcaagga tgatcccgag gtccagttca gctggtttgt agatgatgtg  901 gaggtgcaca cagctcagac gcaaccccgg gaggagcagt tcaacagcac tttccgctca  961 gtcagtgaac ttcccatcat gcaccaggac tggctcaatg gcaaggagtt caaatgcagg 1021 gtcaacagtg cagctttccc tgcccccatc gagaaaacca tctccaaaac caaaggcaga 1081 ccgaaggctc cacaggtgta caccattcca cctcccaagg agcagatggc caaggataaa 1141 gtcagtctga cctgcatgat aacagacttc ttccctgaag acattactgt ggagtggcag 1201 tggaatgggc agccagcgga gaactacaag aacactcagc ccatcatgga cacagatggc 1261 tcttacttcg tctacagcaa gctcaatgtg cagaagagca actgggaggc aggaaatact 1321 ttcacctgct ctgtgttaca tgagggcctg cacaaccacc atactgagaa gagcctctcc 1381 cactctcctg gtaaatga (22) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 1D3 Heavy chain sequence (1D3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 143)    1 evqlvesggg lvqpggslkl scaasgftfs dyymswvrqt pekrlewvay issgggstyy   61 pdsvkgrfti srdnakntly lqmsslksed taiyycvrqg dgyygdyamd ywgqgtsviv  121 ssakttppsv yplapgsaaq tnsmvtlgcl vkgyfpepvt vtwnsgslss gvhtfpavlq  181 sdlytlsssv tvpsstwpse tvtcnvahpa sstkvdkkiv prdcgckpci ctvpevssvf  241 ifppkpkdvl titltpkvtc vvvdiskddp evqfswfvdd vevhtaqtqp reeqfnstfr  301 syselpimhq dwlngkefkc rvnsaafpap iektisktkg rpkapqyyti pppkeqmakd  361 kvsltcmitd ffpeditvew qwngqpaeny kntqpimdtd gsyfvyskln vqksnweagn  421 tftcsvlheg lhnhhteksl shspgk (23) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1D3 Light Chain Sequence (1D3 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 144)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgtcagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gaacaagtga gaatatttac agtaatttag cgtggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct aatctatgct gcaacaaact tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca ggatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggaggtatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggga ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaaac tggaaataaa acgggctgat gctgcaccaa ctgtatccat cttcccacca  421 tccagtgagc agttaacatc tggaggtgcc tcagtcgtgt gcttcttgaa caacttctac  481 cccaaagaca tcaatgtcaa gtggaagatt gatggcagtg aacgacaaaa tggcgtcctg  541 aacagttgga ctgatcagga cagcaaagac agcacctaca gcatgagcag caccctcacg  601 ttgaccaagg acgagtatga acgacataac agctatacct gtgaggccac tcacaagaca  661 tcaacttcac ccattgtcaa gagcttcaac aggaatgagt gttag Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 145)    1 diqmtqspas lsysvgetvt itcrtseniy snlawyqqkq gkspqlliya atnladgvps   61 rfsgsgsgtq fslrinslqs edfgryycqh fwgtpytfgg gtkleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlt  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec (25) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1F3 Heavy Chain Sequence (1F3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 146)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgag   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagtctg gagggtccct gaaactctcc  121 tgtgcggcct ctggattcac tttcagtaac tatttcatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatatatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctct agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgagca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgtaag acaaggggat  361 ggttactacg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcagccaaaa cgacaccccc atctgtctat ccactggccc ctggatctgc tgcccaaact  481 aactccatgg tgaccctggg atgcctggtc aagggctatt tccctgagcc agtgacagtg  541 acctggaact ctggatccct gtccagcggt gtgcacacct tcccagctgt cctgcagtct  601 gacctctaca ctctgagcag ctcagtgact gtcccctcca gcacctggcc cagcgagacc  661 gtcacctgca acgttgccca cccggccagc agcaccaagg tggacaagaa aattgtgccc  721 agggattgtg gttgtaagcc ttgcatatgt acagtcccag aagtatcatc tgtcttcatc  781 ttccccccaa agcccaagga tgtgctcacc attactctga ctcctaaggt cacgtgtgtt  841 gtggtagaca tcagcaagga tgatcccgag gtccagttca gctggtttgt agatgatgtg  901 gaggtgcaca cagctcagac gcaaccccgg gaggagcagt tcaacagcac tttccgctca  961 gtcagtgaac ttcccatcat gcaccaggac tggctcaatg gcaaggagtt caaatgcagg 1021 gtcaacagtg cagctttccc tgcccccatc gagaaaacca tctccaaaac caaaggcaga 1081 ccgaaggctc cacaggtgta caccattcca cctcccaagg agcagatggc caaggataaa 1141 gtcagtctga cctgcatgat aacagacttc ttccctgaag acattactgt ggagtggcag 1201 tggaatgggc agccagcgga gaactacaag aacactcagc ccatcatgga cacagatggc 1261 tcttacttcg tctacagcaa gctcaatgtg cagaagagca actgggaggc aggaaatact 1321 ttcacctgct ctgtgttaca tgagggcctg cacaaccacc atactgagaa gagcctctcc 1381 cactctcctg gtaaatga (26) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 1F3 Heavy Chain Sequence (1F3 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 147)    1 evqlvesggg lvqsggslkl scaasgftfs nyfmswvrqt pekrlewvay issgggstyy   61 pdsvkgrfti srdnakntly lqmsslksed tamyycvrqg dgyygdyamd ywgqgtsvtv  121 ssakttppsv yplapgsaaq tnsmvtlgcl vkgyfpepvt vtwnsgslss gvhtfpavlq  181 sdlytlsssv tvpsstwpse tvtcnvahpa sstkvdkkiv prdcgckpci ctvpevssvf  241 ifppkpkdvl titltpkvtc vvvdiskddp evqfswfvdd vevhtaqtqp reeqfnstfr  301 syselpimhq dwlngkefkc rvnsaafpap iektisktkg rpkapqvyti pppkeqmakd  361 kvsltcmitd ffpeditvew qwngqpaeny kntqpimdtd gsyfvyskln vqksnweagn  421 tftcsvlheg lhnhhteksl shspgk (27) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 1F3 Light Chain Sequence (1F3 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 148)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc tccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttac agtaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtctatgat gcaacacact taccagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag ttttccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggagttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gtttggaggg  361 gggaccagac tggaaattaa acgggctgat gctgcaccaa ctgtatccat cttcccacca  421 tccagtgagc agttaacatc tggaggtgcc tcagtcgtgt gcttcttgaa caacttctac  481 cccaaagaca tcaatgtcaa gtggaagatt gatggcagtg aacgacaaaa tggcgtcctg  541 aacagttgga ctgatcagga cagcaaagac agcacctaca gcatgagcag caccctcacg  601 ttgaccaagg acgagtatga acgacataac agctatacct gtgaggccac tcacaagaca  661 tcaacttcac ccattgtcaa gagcttcaac aggaatgagt gttag (28) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 1F3 Light Chain Sequence (1F3 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 149)    1 diqmtqspas lsysvgetvt itcraseniy snlawyqqkq gkspqllvyd athlpdgvps   61 rfsgsgsgtq fslkinslqs edfgsyycqh fwgtpytfgg gtrleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlt  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec (29) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3Al2 Heavy Chain Sequence (3A12 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 150)    1 atgaactttg ggctcagatt gattttcctt gtccttgttt taaaaggtgt gaagtgtgaa   61 gtgcagctgg tggagtctgg gggaggctta gtgcagcctg gagggtccct gaaaatctcc  121 tgtgcagcct ctggatttac tttcagtaac tatttcatgt cttgggttcg ccagactcca  181 gagaagaggc tggagtgggt cgcatacatt agtagtggtg gtggtagcac ctactatcca  241 gacagtgtga agggtcgatt caccatctcc agagacaatg ccaagaacac cctgtacctg  301 caaatgaaca gtctgaagtc tgaggacaca gccatgtatt actgtgtaag acaaggagat  361 ggttactatg gggactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag gaacctcagt caccgtctcc  421 tcagccaaaa cgacaccccc atctgtctat ccactggccc ctggatctgc tgcccaaact  481 aactccatgg tgaccctggg atgcctggtc aagggctatt tccctgagcc agtgacagtg  541 acctggaact ctggatccct gtccagcggt gtgcacacct tcccagctgt cctgcagtct  601 gacctctaca ctctgagcag ctcagtgact gtcccctcca gcacctggcc cagcgagacc  661 gtcacctgca acgttgccca cccggccagc agcaccaagg tggacaagaa aattgtgccc  721 agggattgtg gttgtaagcc ttgcatatgt acagtcccag aagtatcatc tgtcttcatc  781 ttccccccaa agcccaagga tgtgctcacc attactctga ctcctaaggt cacgtgtgtt  841 gtggtagaca tcagcaagga tgatcccgag gtccagttca gctggtttgt agatgatgtg  901 gaggtgcaca cagctcagac gcaaccccgg gaggagcagt tcaacagcac tttccgctca  961 gtcagtgaac ttcccatcat gcaccaggac tggctcaatg gcaaggagtt caaatgcagg 1021 gtcaacagtg cagctttccc tgcccccatc gagaaaacca tctccaaaac caaaggcaga 1081 ccgaaggctc cacaggtgta caccattcca cctcccaagg agcagatggc caaggataaa 1141 gtcagtctga cctgcatgat aacagacttc ttccctgaag acattactgt ggagtggcag 1201 tggaatgggc agccagcgga gaactacaag aacactcagc ccatcatgga cacagatggc 1261 tcttacttcg tctacagcaa gctcaatgtg cagaagagca actgggaggc aggaaatact 1321 ttcacctgct ctgtgttaca tgagggcctg cacaaccacc atactgagaa gagcctctcc 1381 cactctcctg gtaaatga (30) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3Al2 Heavy Chain Sequence (3A12 Heavy Chain Variable Region and IgG1 Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 151)    1 evqlvesggg lvqpggslki scaasgftfs nyfmswvrqt pekrlewvay issgggstyy   61 pdsvkgrfti srdnakntly lqmnslksed tamyycvrqg dgyygdyamd ywgqgtsvtv  121 ssakttppsv yplapgsaaq tnsmvtlgcl vkgyfpepvt vtwnsgslss gvhtfpavlq  181 sdlytlsssv tvpsstwpse tvtcnvahpa sstkvdkkiv prdcgckpci ctvpevssvf  241 ifppkpkdvl titltpkvtc vvvdiskddp evqfswfvdd vevhtaqtqp reeqfnstfr  301 syselpimhq dwlngkefkc rvnsaafpap iektisktkg rpkapqvyti pppkeqmakd  361 kvsltcmitd ffpeditvew qwngqpaeny kntqpimdtd gsyfvyskln vqksnweagn  421 tftcsvlheg lhnhhteksl shspgk (31) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length 3A12 Light Chain Sequence (3A12 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 152)    1 atgagtgtgc ccactcaggt cctggggttg ctgctgctgt ggcttacaga tgccagatgt   61 gacatccaga tgactcagtc gccagcctcc ctatctgtat ctgtgggaga aactgtcacc  121 atcacatgtc gagcaagtga gaatatttac attaatttag catggtatca gcagaaacag  181 ggaaaatctc ctcagctcct ggtccatgct gcaacaaagt tagcagatgg tgtgccatca  241 aggttcagtg gcagtggatc aggcacacag tattccctca agatcaacag cctgcagtct  301 gaagattttg ggagttatta ctgtcaacat ttttggggta ctccgtacac gttcggaggg  361 gggaccaaac tagaaataaa acgggctgat gctgcaccaa ctgtatccat cttcccacca  421 tccagtgagc agttaacatc tggaggtgcc tcagtcgtgt gcttcttgaa caacttctac  481 cccaaagaca tcaatgtcaa gtggaagatt gatggcagtg aacgacaaaa tggcgtcctg  541 aacagttgga ctgatcagga cagcaaagac agcacctaca gcatgagcag caccctcacg  601 ttgaccaagg acgagtatga acgacataac agctatacct gtgaggccac tcacaagaca  661 tcaacttcac ccattgtcaa gagcttcaac aggaatgagt gttag (32) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length 3A12 Light Chain Sequence (3A12 Kappa Variable Region and Constant Region) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 153)    1 diqmtqspas lsysvgetvt itcraseniy inlawyqqkq gkspqnvha atkladgvps   61 rfsgsgsgtq yslkinslqs edfgsyycqh fwgtpytfgg gtkleikrad aaptvsifpp  121 sseqltsgga svvcflnnfy pkdinvkwki dgserqngvl nswtdqdskd stysmsstlt  181 ltkdeyerhn sytceathkt stspivksfn rnec

For convenience, Table 2 provides a concordance chart showing the correspondence between the full length sequences of the antibodies discussed in this Example with those presented in the Sequence Listing.

TABLE 2 SEQ. ID NO. Protein or Nucleic Acid 122 1A3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 123 1A3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 124 1A3 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 125 1A3 Light Variable + constant - protein 126 2B8 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 127 2B8 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 128 2B8 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 129 2B8 Light Variable + constant - protein 130 2F8 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 131 2F8 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 132 2F8 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 133 2F8 Light Variable + constant - protein 134 3B6 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 135 3B6 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 136 3B6 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 137 3B6 Light Variable + constant - protein 138 3D11 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 139 3D11 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 140 3D11 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 141 3D11 Light Variable + constant - protein 142 1D3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 143 1D3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 144 1D3 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 145 1D3 Light Variable + constant - protein 146 1F3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 147 1F3 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 148 1F3 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 149 1F3 Light Variable + constant - protein 150 3A12 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - nucleic acid 151 3A12 Heavy Variable + IgG1 constant - protein 152 3A12 Light Variable + constant - nucleic acid 153 3A12 Light Variable + constant - protein

Example 3 Production of Various Recombinant hHGF Proteins

This Example describes the cloning and expression of a number of recombinant proteins used to characterize the antibodies created in Example 1 and in Example 14. In particular, this Example describes the cloning and expression of recombinant hHGF protein, a recombinant hHGF protein containing a glycine to glutamate substitution at position 555 (G555E), a recombinant hHGF protein containing a cysteine to arginine substitution at position 561 (C561R), a recombinant mouse-human-mouse (mhm) chimeric HGF protein containing the human V495-L585 HGF sequence disposed within mouse HGF sequence, a recombinant mhm chimeric HGF protein containing the human I499-R566 HGF sequence disposed within mouse HGF sequence, and a recombinant mhm chimeric HGF protein containing human W507-L585 HGF sequence disposed within mouse HGF sequence.

The following expression constructs were generated using standard molecular techniques and the resulting cDNA sequences were confirmed by DNA sequencing:

a. hHGF-Fc

In a first round of PCR, two overlapping PCR fragments were generated introducing a Not I site and encoding a 6×His tag between hHGF and hIgFc. The overlapping PCR fragments served as template in a second round to amplify hHGF-his-IgFc. The resulting fragment was digested by NheI and BamHI and cloned into pcDNA5/FRT (Invitrogen, #35-3014). Then, hHGF was amplified from Invitrogen clone ID: IOH29794 (human HGF cDNA). The sequence was found to correspond to the sequence deposited at the NCBI under accession number NM_(—)000601.4.

(1) 5′hHGF NheI Primer (SEQ ID NO. 102) ACTGGCTAGCATGTGGGTGACCAAACTCCT (2) 3′ hHGF NotI His Tag Primer (SEQ ID NO. 103) GTGATGGTGATGGTGATGGCGGCCGCATGACTGTGGTACCTTATATG (3) 5′ HisIgFc Primer (SEQ ID NO. 104) ACTGGCGGCCGCCATCACCATCACCATCAC (4) 3′ IgFc BamHI Primer (SEQ ID NO. 105) ACTGGGATCCTCACTATTTACCCGGGGACAG

b. hHGF-Fc G555E and hHGF-Fc C561R

hHGF-Fc mutants G555E and C561R were generated by site directed mutagenesis using the QuikChange II XL site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) according to manufacturer's instructions.

(1) hHGF-Fc (G555E) Sense Primer (SEQ ID NO. 106) CATGATGTCCACGAAAGAGGAGATGAG (2) hHGF-Fc (G555E) Anti-sense Primer (SEQ ID NO. 107) CTCATCTCCTCTTTCGTGGACATCATG (3) hHGF-Fc (C561R) Sense Primer (SEQ ID NO. 108) GGAAGAGGAGATGAGAAACGCAAACAGGTTCTCAATG (4) hHGF-Fc (C561R) Anti-sense Primer (SEQ ID NO. 109) CATTGAGAACCTGTTTGCGTTTCTCATCTCCTCTTCC

c. Mouse-Human-Mouse Chimera Fc

The mouse-human-mouse chimera IgFc construct contains mHGF alpha chain-hHGF, β-chain amino acids Val 495-Leu 585 of human HGF, and mHGF C-terminal beta chain followed by 6×His tag and IgG-Fc.

Human HGF cDNA encoding amino acids V495-L585 was amplified from Invitrogen clone ID: IOH29794 (human HGF cDNA). The sequence corresponds to the sequence deposited at the NCBI under accession number NM_(—)000601.4. Mouse HGF sequences were amplified by RT-PCR from mouse liver total RNA (Clontech, #636603) using the Super Script One Step RT-PCR kit from Invitrogen (#10928-034) according to manufacturer's instructions. The mHGF cDNA sequence corresponds to the sequence deposited at the NCBI under accession number D10213.1.

Three fragments, referred to as Fragments 1, 2, and 3, were generated using overlapping PCR primers and annealed in consecutive rounds of PCR amplification. The final product was cleaved with NheI and NotI and cloned into pcDNA5/FRT IgGFc.

(1) Fragment 1 Primers for mHGF alpha chain 5′NheI (SEQ ID NO. 110) 5′ATCGGCTAGCATGATGTGGGGGACCAAAC (SEQ ID NO. 111) 3′ GAATCCCATTTACAACCCGCAGTTGTTTTGTTTTGG (2) Fragment 2 Primers for hHGF beta chain aa V495-L585 (SEQ ID NO. 112) 5′ CCAAAACAAAACAACTGCGGGTTGTAAATGGGATTC (SEQ ID NO. 113) 3′ CAGGATTGCAGGTCGAGCAAGCTTCATTAAAACCAGATCT (3) Fragment 3 Primer for mHGF beta chain C-terminus 3′NotI (SEQ ID NO. 114) 5′ AGATCTGGTTTTAATGAAGCTTGCTCGACCTGCAATCCTG (SEQ ID NO. 115) 3′ GTAATTTTGACATACAAGTTGTGCGGCCGCCATCACCATCACCA TCAC

d. Construction of hHGF and mhm Chimera

The vectors encoding hHGF and mhm chimera (V495-L585), pcDNA5/FRT hHGF and pcDNA5/FRT-mhm chimera (V495-L585), without Fc-tag were generated by site directed mutagenesis. A stop codon was introduced 3′ of the 6×His tag using the QuikChange II XL site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) according to manufacturer's instructions. The mutagenesis primer included Primer 1: CATCACCATCACCATCACTAAGCGGGTCTGGTGCCACG (SEQ ID NO. 116), and Primer 2: CGTGGCACCAGACCCGCTTAGTGATGGTGATGGTGATG (SEQ ID NO. 117).

In addition, two additional mhm chimeras were created from the pcDNA51FRT-mhm (V495-L585) construct by site directed mutagenesis using the QuikChange II XL site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) according to manufacturer's instructions. One mhm construct contained the region of I499-R556 of hHGF disposed between murine sequences. The other mhm construct contained the region of W507-L585 of hHGF disposed between murine sequences.

For the mhm chimera (I499-R556), the following point mutations were made in order in the template pcDNA5/FRT-mhm chimera (V495-L585) construct: D558E, C561R, V564I, V567I and M583L, using the appropriate oligonucleotide sequences. For the mhm chimera (W507-L585), the following point mutations were introduced in one step in the template pcDNA5/FRT-mhm chimera (V495-L585) construct: Q502R, N504T and I505V, using the appropriate oligonucleotide sequences.

The resulting nucleotide sequence of the hHGF-Fc protein is set forth as SEQ ID NO. 118, including signal sequence (nucleotides 1-93) and prodomain (nucleotides 94-162). The amino acid sequence of the hHGF-Fc protein is set forth as SEQ ID NO. 119.

The resulting nucleotide sequence encoding the mhm (V495-L585)-Fc chimeric protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO. 120, including signal sequence (nucleotides 1-96) and prodomain (nucleotides 97-165). The amino acid sequence of the mhm (V495-L585)-Fc chimeric protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO. 121.

The resulting nucleotide sequence encoding, and the protein sequence defining, the mhm (V495-L585) construct are set forth in SEQ ID NOS. 211 and 212, respectively. The nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 211 includes the signal sequence (nucleotides 1-96) and the prodomain (nucleotides 97-165), and the protein sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 212 includes the active protein sequence (without the signal sequence or the prodomain). The resulting nucleotide sequence encoding, and the protein sequence defining, the mhm (I499-R556) construct are set forth in SEQ ID NOS. 213 and 214, respectively. The nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 213 includes the signal sequence (nucleotides 1-96) and the prodomain (nucleotides 97-165), and the protein sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 214 includes the active protein sequence (without the signal sequence or the prodomain). The resulting nucleotide sequence encoding, and the protein sequence defining, the mhm (W507-L585) are set forth in SEQ ID NOS. 215 and 216, respectively. The nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 215 includes the signal sequence (nucleotides 1-96) and the prodomain (nucleotides 97-165), and the protein sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 216 includes the active protein sequence (without the signal sequence or the prodomain)

e. Protein Expression

(1) Cell Culture

CHO FlpIn cells (Invitrogen, Catalog No. R758-07)) were grown in F12K media (ATCC, Catalog No. 30-2004), 10% FCS (Invitrogen, Catalog No. 10438026), 1% Penicillin (10000 units/mL)/Streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (Invitrogen, Catalog No. 15140-122) at 37° C., 5% CO₂, 100 μg/mL Zeocin (Invitrogen, Catalog No. R250-01).

(2) Generation of Stable CHO FlpIn Cell Lines

CHO FlpIn host cells were transfected with a 9:1 ratio of pOG44:pcDNA5/FRT expression plasmid DNA using lipofectamine 2000 according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen, Catalog No. 11668-027). As controls, cells were transfected with empty pcDNA5/FRT vector/pOG44 and pOG44 plasmid (Invitrogen, Catalog No. 35-3018) alone. Twenty four hours after transfection, the cells were split, and after forty eight hours 0.5 mg/mL Hygromycin B (Sigma, Catalog No. H0654-SPEC) was added to the cells. Polyclonal selection of stable cells was performed in F12K, 10% FCS, 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin, 0.5 mg/mL Hygromycin B.

(3) Protein Expression in Stable CHO FlpIn Cell Lines

Approximately 2×10⁶ cells were seeded in 15 cm plates and grown in F12K (ATCC, Catalog No. 30-2004)/DMEM high glucose (Invitrogen, Catalog No. 11995065) 1:1, 5% ultra low IgG FCS (Invitrogen, #16250-78) at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for 5-6 days. Supernatants were harvested and resulting proteins analyzed by ELISA and by surface plasmon resonance.

Example 4 Binding Characteristics of Anti-hHGF Monoclonal Antibodies

The monoclonal antibodies produced in Example 1 were characterized by their ability to bind hHGF, and certain of the recombinant HGF proteins produced in Example 3.

The antibodies were analyzed by surface-plasmon resonance using a BIAcore T100 instrument to assess their ability to bind HGF and certain of the fusion proteins discussed in Example 3. Each antibody was immobilized on a carboxymethylated dextran CM5 sensor chip (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's instructions.

Analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. R-1000-54), 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930) and 10 mg/mL CM-Dextran Sodium salt (Fluka, Catalog No. 86524) as running buffer. Supernatant containing different HGF fusion proteins or supernatant from cells transfected with empty vector were injected over each antibody at a flow rate of 30 μL/min for 3 minutes. The resulting binding was determined as resonance units (RU) over baseline 30 seconds after the end of injection. Binding was compared to human HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer. Non-specific binding was monitored by comparing binding to a control surface where mouse IgG (Rockland, Catalog No. 010-0102) was immobilized using the same amine coupling procedure.

The results are summarized in the Table 3.

TABLE 3 rhHGF (R&D rmHGF (R&D mhm chimera Antibody Systems) Systems) (V495-L585) human HGF G555E C561R 1A3 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes 1D3 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 1F3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2B8 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 2F8 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes 3A12 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes 3B6 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes 3D11 Yes No No Yes Yes Yes

The results in Table 3 demonstrate that each of the antibodies bind rHGF and purified human HGF. Furthermore, all of the antibodies bind hHGF containing point mutations G555E and C561R. In general, all of the antibodies except for 1F3 and 2F8 did not bind murine HGF demonstrating that the antibodies 1A3, 1D3, 2B8, 3A12, 3B6, and 3D11 specifically bind human HGF. Antibodies 1D3, 1F3, and 2B8 bind the mouse-human-mouse chimera whereas the remaining antibodies did not. The results suggest that the antibodies 1D3 and 2B8 at least in part bind to residues 495-585 of human HGF. The antibodies 1A3, 3A12, 3B6, and 3D11 appear to bind portions of human hHGF other than residues 495-585. At present, it is uncertain why 2F8 does not bind the mhm chimera as it appears to bind both hHGF and mHGF.

Example 5 Ability of Anti-hHGF Monoclonal Antibodies to Bind Reduced and Non-Reduced HGF

In this Example, the anti-hHGF monoclonal antibodies produced in Example 1 were analyzed for their ability to bind reduced and non-reduced HGF.

The reactivity of the anti-HGF sera with the recombinant hHGF was assessed by immunoblotting. Eight μg of recombinant hHGF protein in NuPAGE MOPS SDS running buffer (Invitrogen) with or without NuPAGE sample reducing buffer (Invitrogen) was fractionated on a 4-12% Bis-Tris 1.0 mm×2D well gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). The fractionated proteins then were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane using standard procedures. The nitrocellulose membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk powder solution in Tris buffered Saline with 0.1% Tween-20® (TBST), and then mounted onto a Mini Protean II Multi-Screen apparatus (BioRad) for further blocking.

The resulting membranes were probed with the purified antibodies on a Multi-Screen apparatus. The purified antibodies were diluted to 5 μg/mL in blocking buffer. The nitrocellulose membrane then was removed from the apparatus, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibodies. The results are summarized in Table 4, where the numbers reflect the extent of binding with—representing the least (little or no binding) and 3+ representing the most binding.

TABLE 4 Reduced Non-Reduced Antibody (exposure: 3-5 min) (exposure: 20 sec) 1A3 2+ 2+ 1D3 2+ 2+ 1F3 2+ 2+ 2B8 — 1+ 2F8 2+ 2+ 3A12 — 2+ 3B6 3+ 2+ 3D11 — 3+

The data in Table 4 demonstrate that all the antibodies bind non-reduced rhHGF. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, 2F8, 3B6 bound reduced rhHGF but antibodies 2B8, 3A12, and 3D11 did not bind to reduced rhHGF.

Example 6 Binding Affinities

The binding affinities and kinetics of interaction of each of the antibodies produced in Example 1 against hHGF were measured by surface plasmon resonance.

Rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1005-14) were immobilized on carboxymethylated dextran CM5 sensor chips (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's instructions. The analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-54), 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930), and 10 mg/mL CM-Dextran Sodium salt (Fluka, Catalog No. 86524) as running buffer.

The antibodies were captured in an individual flow cell at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. Injection time was variable for each antibody to yield approximately 20 RU of antibody captured for each cycle. Buffer or HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer was injected sequentially over a reference surface (no antibody captured) and the active surface (antibody to be tested) for 2 minutes at 60 μL/min. The dissociation phase was monitored for 15 or 90 minutes, depending on concentration. The surface then was regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 1.7 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-54) injected for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another cycle was initiated. HGF concentrations tested were 0.46 nM to 7.5 nM.

Kinetic parameters were determined using the kinetic function of the BIAevalutation software with reference subtraction. Kinetic parameters for each antibody, k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant) and K_(D) (equilibrium dissociation constant) are summarized in Table 5.

TABLE 5 (pM) Antibody ka (1/Ms) SE (ka) kd (1/s) SE (kd) K_(D) SD 1A3 1.7 × 10⁶ 7.3 × 10⁴ 5.2 × 10⁻⁵ 8.4 × 10⁻⁷ 30.1 5.6 1D3 1.7 × 10⁶ 3.1 × 10⁴ 8.2 × 10⁻⁵ 1.7 × 10⁻⁶ 54.2 27.4 1F3 1.5 × 10⁶ 5.0 × 10⁴ 2.6 × 10⁻⁵ 6.6 × 10⁻⁷ 18.1 8.2 2B8 1.6 × 10⁶ 2.9 × 10⁴ 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ 13.5 4.4 3A12 1.6 × 10⁶ 3.7 × 10⁴ 1.6 × 10⁻⁴ 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ 103.0 10.4 3B6 2.0 × 10⁶ 6.5 × 10⁴ 3.9 × 10⁻⁵ 3.2 × 10⁻⁷ 17.0 3.4

The data in Table 5 demonstrate that the antibodies bind hHGF with a K_(D) of about 100 pM or less, about 50 pM or less, or 20 pM or less.

Example 7 Neutralization Activity of Anti-hHGF Antibodies

In this Example, the antibodies produced in Example 1 were characterized for their ability to (a) inhibit the binding of hHGF to c-Met, and (b) inhibit HGF stimulated BrdU incorporation in 4 MBr-5 cells.

a. HGF-Met Binding Inhibition Assay (Neutralization Assay)

The antibodies were tested by ELISA for their ability to inhibit hHGF binding to c-Met.

Specifically, Wallac 96-well DELFIA assay plates (Wallac Inc., Catalog No. AAAND-0001) were coated with 100 μL of 6.25 μg/mL HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) in carbonate coating buffer (15 mM Na₂CO₃ and 34 mM NaHCO₃, pH 9.0) for 16 hours at 4° C. The plates then were blocked with 200 μL of 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The antibodies were prepared in a separate plate by adding increasing concentrations of the antibodies under investigation (0.033-667 nM, 3-fold-serial dilution) to 2 nM c-Met (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 358-MT/CF) in 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS. 100 μL of sample per well was transferred to the assay plate and incubated overnight at 4° C. The assay plates then were washed 3 times with PBS-0.1% Tween 20, and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with 100 μL/well of 2 μg/mL biotinylated anti-human c-Met antibody (R&D Systems, Catalog No. BAF358) prepared in 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS.

The resulting plates then were washed three times with PBS-0.1% Tween 20, and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with Eu-labeled Streptavidin (Wallac, Catalog No. 1244-360) diluted 1:1000 in DELFIA assay buffer (Wallac, Catalog No. 4002-0010). The resulting plates were washed 3 times with DELFIA wash solution (Wallac, Catalog No. 4010-0010) and incubated with 100 μL/well DELFIA enhancement solution (Wallac #4001-0010) for 15 minutes at room temperature with agitation.

The plates were read on Victor³V instrument (Perkin Elmer) using the Europium method. The IC₅₀ values were calculated and are summarized in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Antibody IC₅₀ (nM) SD 1A3 5.65 0.91 1D3 4.43 2.27 1F3 6.57 0.28 2B8 5.57 1.19 2F8 5.36 0.88 3A12 5.26 2.11 3B6 — — 3D11 5.66 2.75

The results demonstrate that all the antibodies (i.e., 1D3, 1A3, 2B8, 3A12, 1F3, 3D11, and 2F8) other than 3B6 efficiently neutralize HGF binding to c-Met.

b. Neutralization of HGF Stimulated BrdU Incorporation in 4 MBr-5 Cells

Ten μL of 12.5 nM of hHGF was dispensed into individual wells of a 96-well tissue culture microtiter plate (Costar Catalog No. 3903). Ten μL of serially diluted antibodies at concentrations of 6667, 2222, 740, 247, 82, 27, 9.1, 3.0, 1.0, 0.33 nM were added to each well. The HGF antibody mixture then was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Monkey bronchial epithelial cells 4 MBr-5 (ATCC, CCL208) cultured in F-12K (ATCC, 30-2004), 15% FBS (Gibco 10438-026), 30 ng/mL EGF (Sigma E9644), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (PS, Gibco Catalog No. 15140-122) were dissociated with Trypsin (Gibco Catalog No. 25200-056), resuspended in assay media (F-12K, 2.5% FBS, 1% PS) at 75,000 cells/mL, and 80 μL of the cell suspension was dispensed to the HGF antibody mixture.

The resulting cells were incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂. Forty eight hours later, 10 μL of 100 μM BrdU (Roche Catalog No. 1669915) was added. Seventy two hours later, the media was removed, the plates were dried with a hair dryer and were processed with the BrdU ELISA in accordance with manufacturer's instructions (Roche Catalog No. 1669915).

The luminescent signal was quantified by a Synergy HT plate reader (Bio-Tek). The data were fit to a sigmoidal dose response with variable slope with the equation y=bottom+(top−bottom)/(1+10̂(log(EC50−x)*hill slope)) in GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software). Each experiment was repeated at least 3 times in duplicates, and average EC₅₀ values are presented in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Antibody IC₅₀ (nM) 1A3 4.69 1D3 4.99 1F3 1.94 2B8 1.41 2F8 19.24 3A12 30.30 3B6 36.08 3D11 51.12

The results in Table 7 demonstrate that all of the antibodies, 1A3, 1D3, 1F3, 2B8, 2F8, 3A12, 3B6, and 3D11 inhibit HGF induced proliferation in 4 MBr-5 cells.

Example 8 Anti-Scatter Activity of Anti-hHGF Antibodies

This Example describes a characterization of the antibodies produced in Example 1 for their ability to inhibit HGF induced scatter activity. HGF induces “scattering” (motility) of clusters in MDCK cells (ATCC, Manassas, Va., Catalog No. CCL-34).

MDCK cells were seeded in 96-well Costar tissue culture plates (Corning Incorporated, Corning, N.Y., Catalog No. 3595) at a density of 4×10³ cells per well in 80 μL MEM (ATCC, Manassas, Va., Catalog No. 30-2003) containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Invitrogen Catalog No. 10438026), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen Catalog No. 15140122). Each of the antibodies to be investigated was diluted to 6,667 nM in MEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Each of the different antibody dilutions, as well as MEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin without antibody, then was separately combined with an equal volume of MEM containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 100 ng/ml HGF (R&D Systems Catalog No. 294-HGN-025). The antibody/HGF dilutions were incubated for 30 minutes at 25° C. Twenty μL of each antibody/HGF dilution was added separately to individual wells, yielding a final antibody concentration of 666.7 nM, and a final HGF concentration of 10 ng/ml. The MDCK cells then were incubated for 24 hours at 37° C. with 5% CO₂.

After 24 hours incubation, the MDCK cells were carefully washed once with 100 μL per well of ice-cold PBS (Invitrogen Catalog No. 14190144), and fixed with 100 μL per well of ice-cold methanol while rocking for 10 minutes at 25° C. The plates then were washed carefully once with distilled water. A volume of 100 μL crystal violet solution, consisting of 0.5% crystal violet (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., Catalog No. C3886) and 50% ethanol in distilled water, was added to each well, and the cells were incubated for 20 minutes at 25° C. while rocking.

Following staining with crystal violet solution, the cells were washed carefully three times with distilled water. Then, PBS was added to each well to prevent drying of samples. The cells were imaged using the Leica DMIRB microscope (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzler, Germany), DC500 camera (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzler, Germany), and MagnaFire 2.1C software (Optronics, Goleta, Calif.), and samples were rated for level of scattering. The results are summarized in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Inhibition of HGF-induced MDCK Cell Scattering Antibody Trial 1 Trial 2 1A3 ++ + 1D3 ++ ++ 1F3 + + 2B8 +++ +++ 2F8 + + 3A12 − −/+ 3B6 ++ ++ 3D11 − − − No Inhibition +++ Very strong, nearly complete inhibition ++ Strong inhibition + Detectable inhibition

The results in Table 8 demonstrate that antibody 2B8 inhibited HGF-induced scattering more than the other antibodies. Antibodies 1D3 and 3B6 displayed an intermediate level of inhibition; antibody 1A3 displayed a low to intermediate level of inhibition: antibodies 1F3 and 2F8 displayed a low level of inhibition; and antibodies 3A12 and 3D11 gave little or no detectable inhibition.

Example 9 Inhibition of HGF-Stimulated c-Met Phosphorylation

This Example describes a characterization of the antibodies produced in Example 1 for their ability to inhibit the HGF-stimulated c-Met phosphorylation in PC-3 cells. HGF induces phosphorylation of Met in PC-3 cells (ATCC No. CRL-1435).

PC-3 cells were seeded into individual wells of 96-well Costar tissue culture plates (Corning Catalog No. 3595) at a density of 4.5×10⁴ cells per well in 100 μL F-12K (ATCC, Manassas, Va., Catalog No. 30-2004) containing 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Invitrogen Catalog No. 10438026) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen Catalog No. 15140122). After 24 hours at 37° C. with 5% CO₂, the media was removed, and cells were rinsed once with serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Cells then were incubated for 24 hours in 100 μL serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin.

The following 10 different dilutions of each of the antibodies being investigated were prepared in serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin: 6667 nM, 2222 nM, 741 nM, 247 nM, 82.3 nM, 27.4 nM, 9.1 nM, 3.0 nM, 1.0 nM, and 0.3 nM. Each antibody dilution, and, serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin without antibody, were separately combined with an equal volume of serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 500 ng/mL HGF (R&D Systems Catalog No. 294-HGN-025). These antibody/HGF dilutions were incubated for 30 minutes at 25° C. This resulted in a final concentration of 1.25 nM HGF.

The PC-3 cells then were rinsed once with serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Next, 70 μL of serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin was added to the cells, followed by 10 μL of 10 mM Na₃VO₄ (Sigma Catalog No. S6508) in serum-free F-12K containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin. The cells then were incubated for 60 minutes at 37° C. with 5% CO₂. Following this incubation, 20 μL of each antibody/HGF dilution was added separately to separate wells, yielding a final HGF concentration of 50 ng/mL, and the following final concentrations of each antibody: 666.7 nM, 222.2 nM, 74.1 nM, 24.7 nM, 8.23 nM, 2.74 nM, 0.91 nM, 0.30 nM, 0.10 nM, 0.03 nM. The cells then were incubated for 10 minutes at 37° C. with 5% CO₂, after which point the media/antibody/HGF mixture was removed, the plates were placed on ice. The cells then were rinsed once with 100 μL per well of ice-cold PBS (Invitrogen Catalog No. 14190144) containing 1 mM Na₃VO₄. The cells then were incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. in 100 μL per well ice-cold lysis buffer consisting of 1% OmniPur Triton X-100 (MERCK KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Catalog No. 9410), 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.3 mM Na₃VO₄, 1× protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma Catalog No. P8340), and 1× phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 2 (Sigma Catalog No. 5726).

Biotinylated anti-human HGF-R (c-met) antibody (R&D Systems Catalog No. BAF358) was diluted to a concentration of 2 μg/mL in DELFIA Assay Buffer (PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland, Catalog No. 4002-0010) containing 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma Catalog No. A2153), and 50 μL of this dilution was added per well of yellow streptavidin microtitration plates (PerkinElmer Catalog No. AAAND-0005). The plates then were incubated with antibody for 30 minutes at 25° C. with rocking. Following incubation, the plates were washed with DELFIA wash solution (PerkinElmer Catalog No. 4010-0010), and 80 μL of each of the different PC-3 cell lysates was added separately to individual wells of the washed streptavidin microtitration plates.

The streptavidin microtitration plates containing PC-3 cell lysates were incubated for 60 minutes at 25° C. with shaking, and then washed with DELFIA wash solution. 100 μL of 600 ng/mL DELFIA Eu-N1 P-Tyr-100 antibody (PerkinElmer Catalog No. AD0159) diluted in DELFIA Assay Buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin was added to each well of the washed streptavidin microtitration plates previously incubated with PC-3 cell lysates. The plates were incubated for 60 minutes at 25° C., with rocking. The plates were washed a final time with DELFIA wash solution. Then 200 μL of DELFIA Enhancement Solution (PerkinElmer Catalog No. 4001-0010) was added to each well of the washed streptavidin microtitration plates, and the plates were incubated in the dark for 5 minutes at 25° C., with shaking.

Signal then was measured using the Europium protocol on the Victor3V reader (PerkinElmer). EC₅₀ values were calculated using Prism 4 for Windows (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) and the sigmoidal dose-response equation.

The results summarized as EC50s in nM are tabulated in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Average of Standard Antibody Two Trials Deviation 1A3 0.684 0.242 1D3 0.984 0.129 1F3 1.19 1.01 2B8 0.287 0.104 2F8 1.39 2.12 3A12 2.00 0.553 3B6 1.01 1.11 3D11 2.28 N/A

The data in Table 9 demonstrate that all eight antibodies are potent inhibitors of HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation in PC-3 cells.

Example 10 Tumor Inhibition in U87MG Xenograft Model

The ability of murine monoclonal antibodies of the invention to inhibit tumor growth was tested in an U87MG xenograft model. U87MG cells (ATCC) were expanded in culture at 37° C. in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and 95% air, using a medium comprising Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. The cells were subcultured and maintained by detaching the cells from the wall of the culture dish using trypsin-EDTA.

Near-confluent cells were collected by trypsinization and then 5×10⁶ cells in 50% Matrigel (BD Biosciences; catalog no. 356237) were injected subcutaneously into the upper dorsal area between the shoulder blades of 7-week old female ICR SCID mice (Taconic Labs). The long (L) and short (W) diameters (mm) of tumors were measured with a caliper. Tumor volume (vol.) was calculated as: volume (mm³)=L×W²/2. When the tumors grew to approximately 200 mm³, the tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 5 groups of 10 mice each. One group received PBS. Each of the other 4 groups received one of the antibody 1A3, 1D3, 1F3 or 2B8. All antibodies were dosed at 1 mg/kg body weight, twice per week, by intra-peritoneal injections of 5 doses. Tumor volumes and mouse body weights were recorded twice per week. Tumor growth inhibition was analyzed using Student's t-test. The results are summarized in FIG. 6 and Table 10.

TABLE 10 Percent Inhibition 2B8 vs PBS 93% p = 0.001 1A3 vs PBS 73% p = 0.0075 1D3 vs PBS 51% p = 0.075 1F3 vs PBS 60% p = 0.027

Partial regression was achieved in 2B8 treated group (FIG. 6). Statistically significant growth inhibition was observed in the 1A3-treated and 1F3-treated groups (Table 10). There was 51% tumor growth inhibition for 1D3 with a p value of 0.075. No significant body weight loss was observed.

Example 11 Tumor Inhibition in U118 Xenograft Model

The ability of the antibodies 1A3, 1D3, 1F3 and 2B8 to inhibit tumor growth was tested in an U118 xenograft model. U118 cells (ATCC) were expanded as described in Example 10 (above) with respect to the U87MG cells.

Subcutaneous tumors were established as described in Example 10 above, except that the mice used were 7 weeks old female NCr nude mice (Taconic), and treatment was started when the tumors grew to approximately 80 mm³. As in the U87MG model, all the antibodies were dosed at 1 mg/kg body weight twice a week by intra-peritoneal injections for 4 doses. Tumor volumes and body weights of the mice were recorded twice per week. Tumor growth inhibition was analyzed using Student's t-test. The results are summarized in FIG. 7 and Table 11.

TABLE 11 Percent Inhibition 2B8 vs IgG 75% p = 0.007 1A3 vs IgG 57% p = 0.01 1D3 vs IgG 47% p = 0.12 1F3 vs IgG 30% p = 0.39

Statistically significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in 2B8 and 1A3 treated groups (FIG. 7). There was modest tumor growth inhibition in 1F3 and 1D3 groups with p values less than 0.05, which was defined as statistical significance in this study (Table 11). No significant body weight loss was observed.

Example 12 Humanization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies

This Example describes the humanization of the murine 2B8 antibody, together with a characterization of the resulting humanized antibodies. The murine 2B8 Heavy and Light Variable Regions were “humanized” by two methods.

A. Humanization Procedure 1

In the first method, three humanized heavy chain variable regions and two humanized kappa light chain variable regions were designed based on the “superhumanization” method described in Hwang et al. (2005) METHODS 36:35-42; Tan et al. (2002) J. IMMUNOL. 169:1119-1125; U.S. Pat. No. 6,881,557.

The Chothia canonical structural class was determined for each mouse 2B8 CDR based on CDR length and amino acid composition. Human germline variable regions consisting of the same Chothia canonical structural class light and heavy variable regions were identified based on known human germline variable region reference alleles described at the International Immunogentics Information System (IMGT) website (available on the world wide web at imgt.cines.fr and biochem.unizh.ch/antibody/Sequences/index.html). These human germline variable regions of the same structural class were compared to murine 2B8 variable regions by calculating the percent identity or similarity between CDR amino acid residues. Those human germline variable regions with the highest identity and/or similarity with mouse 2B8 CDR residues were chosen for CDR grafting. The framework residues of the human germline variable regions were preserved while the mouse 2B8 CDR residues were used to replace the corresponding human germline variable region residues that were different between mouse 2B8 CDR and human germline CDRs. The human J region that was most similar to the 2B8 mouse J region was then added to the carboxyl terminus of the “superhumanized” variable region. A signal sequence was then added to the amino terminus of the “superhumanized” variable regions and these amino acid sequences were converted into nucleic acid sequences.

The complete variable region nucleic acid sequence was constructed using gene synthesis PCR methods (Young et al. (2004) NUCL. ACIDSRES. 32:e59) and cloned into a mammalian expression vector (based on pcDNA3.2 DEST (Invitrogen)) containing human constant IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) or Kappa (Km(3) allotype (allele 2)) regions (downstream of the variable regions) using standard molecular biology techniques. All four heavy chain IgG1 antibodies (chimeric 2B8 and 3 humanized heavy chains (Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1, Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1, Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1) were expressed in the possible combinations with all 3 kappa chain antibodies (chimera 2B8 and 2 humanized light chains (Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 and Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1) creating 12 different antibody proteins. Binding of the chimeric, chimeric/humanized, and humanized antibodies to human HGF was then measured as described below and the results are summarized in FIG. 8. Each of the possible combinations of immunoglobulin heavy chain and immunoglobulin light chain variable regions are set forth below in Table 12A.

TABLE 12A Heavy Chain Variable Region Light Chain Variable Region Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 12) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 14) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 12) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 (SEQ ID NO: 173) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 12) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 (SEQ ID NO: 179) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 (SEQ ID NO: 159) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 14) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 (SEQ ID NO: 159) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 (SEQ ID NO: 173) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 (SEQ ID NO: 159) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 (SEQ ID NO: 179) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 (SEQ ID NO: 165) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 14) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 (SEQ ID NO: 165) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 (SEQ ID NO: 173) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 (SEQ ID NO: 165) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 (SEQ ID NO: 179) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (SEQ ID NO: 169) Chimeric 2B8 (SEQ ID NO: 14) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (SEQ ID NO: 169) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 (SEQ ID NO: 173) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (SEQ ID NO: 169) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 (SEQ ID NO: 179)

Each of the possible combinations of immunoglobulin heavy chains and immunoglobulin light chains are set forth below in Table 12B.

TABLE 12B Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Immunoglobulin Light Chain Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 155) Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) (SEQ ID NO: 157) Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 155) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 177) Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 155) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 181) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 + IgG1 Constant Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 163) (SEQ ID NO: 157) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 163) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 177) Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 163) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 181) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 + IgG1 Constant Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 167) (SEQ ID NO: 157) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 167) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 177) Hu2B8 Hv5-a.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 167) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 181) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 + IgG1 Constant Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 171) (SEQ ID NO: 157) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 171) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 177) Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 + IgG1 Constant Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) (G1M(17,1)) allotype (SEQ ID NO: 171) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO: 181)

Two of the possible antibody constructs containing the full length immunoglobulin heavy and light chains containing humanized variable regions are designated below:

-   -   sh2B8-9 (G1m(17,1))=hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (+IgG1 constant region         (G1m(17,1) allotype) (SEQ ID NO. 171) plus hu2B8 Kv 1-39.1         (+Kappa constant region (Km(3) allotype (allele 2))) (SEQ ID NO.         177)     -   sh2B8-12 (G1m(17,1))=hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (+IgG1 constant region         (G1m(17,1) allotype)) (SEQ ID NO. 171) plus hu2B8 Kv 3-15.1         (+Kappa constant region (Km(3) allotype (allele 2))) (SEQ ID NO.         181).

The nucleic acid sequences encoding and the protein sequences defining each of the humanized antibodies are summarized below. In this section, the last nucleotide of each variable region is the first base of the next codon generated by the variable/constant region junction. This nucleotide is included in the Variable Region because it is part of that exon. Amino acid sequences of Constant Regions listed below include the translation of this junction codon.

(1) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Chimeric 2B8 Heavy Chain (Mouse Variable Region and Human IgG1 Constant Region) (allotype G1m(17,1)) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 154) 1 atgggatgga gctatatcat cctctttttg gtagcaacag ctacagatgt ccactcccag 61 gtccaactgc agcagcctgg ggctgaactg gtgaagcctg ggacttcagt gaagctgtcc 121 tgcaaggctt ctggctacac cttcaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgaa tcagaggcct 181 ggacaaggcc ttgagtggat tggagagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 gagaagttca agagcaaggc cacactgact gtagacaaat cctccagcac agcctacatg 301 caactcagca gcctgacatc tgaggactct gcggtctatt actgtgcaag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaaggc accactctca ccgtctcctc agcctccacc 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga aagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgccc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggatga gctgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga (2) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Chimeric 2B8 Heavy Chain (Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 155) 1 qvqlqqpgae lvkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvnqr pgqglewige inptnghtny 61 nekfkskatl tvdkssstay mqlssltsed savyycarny vgsifdywgq gttltvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkkvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsrdelt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (3) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Chimeric 2B8 Light Chain (Mouse Variable Region and Human Constant Region) (Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3))) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 156) 1 atggaatcac agactctggt cttcatatcc atactgctct ggttatatgg tgctgatggg 61 aacattgtaa tgacccaatc tcccaaatcc atgtccatgt cagtaggaga gagggtcacc 121 ttgagctgca aggccagtga gaatgtggtt tcttatgtat cctggtatca acagaaacca 181 gcgcagtctc ctaaactgct gatatacggg gcatccaacc ggaacactgg ggtccccgat 241 cgcttcacag gcagtggatc tgcaacagat ttcactctga ccatcagcag tgtgcgggct 301 gaagaccttg cagattatca ctgtgggcag agttacaact atccgtacac gttcggaggg 361 gggaccaggc tggaaataaa acgaactgtg gctgcaccat ctgtcttcat cttcccgcca 421 tctgatgagc agttgaaatc tggaactgcc tctgttgtgt gcctgctgaa taacttctat 481 cccagagagg ccaaagtaca gtggaaggtg gataacgccc tccaatcggg taactcccag 541 gagagtgtca cagagcagga cagcaaggac agcacctaca gcctcagcag caccctgacg 601 ctgagcaaag cagactacga gaaacacaaa gtctacgcct gcgaagtcac ccatcagggc 661 ctgagctcgc ccgtcacaaa gagcttcaac aggggagagt gttga (4) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Chimeric 2B8 Light Chain (Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3))) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 157) 1 nivmtqspks msmsvgervt lsckasenvv syvswyqqkp aqspklliyg asnrntgvpd 61 rftgsgsatd ftltissvra edladyhcgq synypytfgg gtrleikrtv aapsvfifpp 121 sdeqlksgta svvcllnnfy preakvqwkv dnalqsgnsq esvteqdskd styslsstlt 181 lskadyekhk vyacevthqg lsspvtksfn rgec (5) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Humanized Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 158) 1 atggactgca cctggaggat cctcctcttg gtggcagcag ctacaggcac ccacgccgag 61 gtccagctgg tacagtctgg ggctgaggtg aagaagcctg gggctacagt gaaaatctcc 121 tgcaaggttt ctggatacac cttcaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgca acaggcccct 181 ggaaaagggc ttgagtggat gggagagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 gagaagttcc agggcagagt caccataacc gcggacacgt ctacagacac agcctacatg 301 gagctgagca gcctgagatc tgaggacacg gccgtgtatt actgtgcaac aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc ag (6) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 159) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgatvki sckvsgytft tywmhwvqqa pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 nekfqgrvti tadtstdtay melsslrsed tavyycatny vgsifdywgq gtlvtvss (7) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(17,1) allotype) (SEQ ID NO. 160) 1 cctccaccaa gggcccatcg gtcttccccc tggcaccctc ctccaagagc acctctgggg 61 gcacagcggc cctgggctgc ctggtcaagg actacttccc cgaaccggtg acggtgtcgt 121 ggaactcagg cgccctgacc agcggcgtgc acaccttccc ggctgtccta cagtcctcag 181 gactctactc cctcagcagc gtggtgaccg tgccctccag cagcttgggc acccagacct 241 acatctgcaa cgtgaatcac aagcccagca acaccaaggt ggacaagaaa gttgagccca 301 aatcttgtga caaaactcac acatgcccac cgtgcccagc acctgaactc ctggggggac 361 cgtcagtctt cctcttcccc ccaaaaccca aggacaccct catgatctcc cggacccctg 421 aggtcacatg cgtggtggtg gacgtgagcc acgaagaccc tgaggtcaag ttcaactggt 481 acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cataatgcca agacaaagcc gcgggaggag cagtacaaca 541 gcacgtaccg tgtggtcagc gtcctcaccg tcctgcacca ggactggctg aatggcaagg 601 agtacaagtg caaggtctcc aacaaagccc tcccagcccc catcgagaaa accatctcca 661 aagccaaagg gcagccccga gaaccacagg tgtacaccct gcccccatcc cgggatgagc 721 tgaccaagaa ccaggtcagc ctgacctgcc tggtcaaagg cttctatccc agcgacatcg 781 ccgtggagtg ggagagcaat gggcagccgg agaacaacta caagaccacg cctcccgtgc 841 tggactccga cggctccttc ttcctctaca gcaagctcac cgtggacaag agcaggtggc 901 agcaggggaa cgtcttctca tgctccgtga tgcatgaggc tctgcacaac cactacacgc 961 agaagagcct ctccctgtct ccgggtaaat ga (8) Protein Sequence Defining Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(17,1) allotype) (SEQ ID NO. 161). The first amino acid is derived from translation of the last nucleotide of variable region and beginning two nucleotides of the IgG1 Heavy Chain sequence. 1 astkgpsvfp lapsskstsg gtaalgclvk dyfpepvtvs wnsgaltsgv htfpavlqss 61 glyslssvvt vpssslgtqt yicnvnhkps ntkvdkkvep kscdkthtcp pcpapellgg 121 psvflfppkp kdtlmisrtp evtcvvvdvs hedpevkfnw yvdgvevhna ktkpreeqyn 181 styrvvsvlt vlhqdwlngk eykckvsnka lpapiektis kakgqprepq vytlppsrde 241 ltknqvsltc lvkgfypsdi avewesngqp ennykttppv ldsdgsffly skltvdksrw 301 qqgnvfscsv mhealhnhyt qkslslspgk (9) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 Variable Region and Human IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) Heavy Chain Constant Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 162) 1 atggactgca cctggaggat cctcctcttg gtggcagcag ctacaggcac ccacgccgag 61 gtccagctgg tacagtctgg ggctgaggtg aagaagcctg gggctacagt gaaaatctcc 121 tgcaaggttt ctggatacac cttcaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgca acaggcccct 181 ggaaaagggc ttgagtggat gggagagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 gagaagttcc agggcagagt caccataacc gcggacacgt ctacagacac agcctacatg 301 gagctgagca gcctgagatc tgaggacacg gccgtgtatt actgtgcaac aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc agcctccacc 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga aagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgccc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggatga gctgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga (10) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 Variable Region and Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(17,1) allotype) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 163) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgatvki sckvsgytft tywmhwvqqa pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 nekfqgrvti tadtstdtay melsslrsed tavyycatny vgsifdywgq gtlvtvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslsavvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkkvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsrdelt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (11) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Humanized Hu2B8 Hy5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 164) 1 atggggtcaa ccgccatcct cgccctcctc ctggctgttc tccaaggagt ctgtgccgaa 61 gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg agcagaggtg aaaaagcccg gggagtctct gaggatctcc 121 tgtaagggtt ctggatacag ctttaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgcg ccagatgccc 181 gggaaaggcc tggagtggat gggggagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 ccgtccttcc aaggccacgt caccatctca gctgacaagt ccatcagcac tgcctacctg 301 cagtggagca gcctgaaggc ctcggacacc gccatgtatt actgtgcgag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc ag (12) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 165) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgeslri sckgsgysft tywmhwvrqm pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 npsfqghvti sadksistay lqwsslkasd tamyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlvtvss (13) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) Heavy Chain Constant Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 166) 1 atggggtcaa ccgccatcct cgccctcctc ctggctgttc tccaaggagt ctgtgccgaa 61 gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg agcagaggtg aaaaagcccg gggagtctct gaggatctcc 121 tgtaagggtt ctggatacag ctttaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgcg ccagatgccc 181 gggaaaggcc tggagtggat gggggagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 ccgtccttcc aaggccacgt caccatctca gctgacaagt ccatcagcac tgcctacctg 301 cagtggagca gcctgaaggc ctcggacacc gccatgtatt actgtgcgag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc agcctccacc 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga aagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgccc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggatga gctgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga (14) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) Heavy Chain Constant Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 167) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgeslri sckgsgysft tywmhwvrqm pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 npsfqghvti sadksistay lqwsslkasd tamyycarny vgsifdywgq gtivtvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkkvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsrdelt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (15) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 168) 1 atggggtcaa ccgccatcct cgccctcctc ctggctgttc tccaaggagt ctgtgccgaa 61 gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg agcagaggtg aaaaagcccg gggagtctct gaagatctcc 121 tgtaagggtt ctggatacag ctttaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgcg ccagatgccc 181 gggaaaggcc tggagtggat gggggagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 ccgtccttcc aaggccaggt caccatctca gctgacaagt ccatcagcac tgcctacctg 301 cagtggagca gcctgaaggc ctcggacacc gccatgtatt actgtgcgag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc ag (16) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Sequence (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 169) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgeslki sckgsgysft tywmhwvrqm pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 npsfqgqvti sadksistay lqwsslkasd tamyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlvtvss (17) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) Heavy Chain Constant Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 170) 1 atggggtcaa ccgccatcct cgccctcctc ctggctgttc tccaaggagt ctgtgccgaa 61 gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg agcagaggtg aaaaagcccg gggagtctct gaagatctcc 121 tgtaagggtt ctggatacag ctttaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgcg ccagatgccc 181 gggaaaggcc tggagtggat gggggagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 ccgtccttcc aaggccaggt caccatctca gctgacaagt ccatcagcac tgcctacctg 301 cagtggagca gcctgaaggc ctcggacacc gccatgtatt actgtgcgag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc agcctccacc 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga aagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgccc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggatga gctgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga (18) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 (G1m(17,1) allotype) Heavy Chain Constant Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 171) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgeslki sckgsgysft tywmhwvrqm pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 npsfqgqvti sadksistay lqwsslkasd tamyycarny vgsifdywgq gtivtvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkkvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsrdelt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (19) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Humanized Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 172). Two possible start ATGs are shown in uppercase. 1 ATGgacATGa gggtccccgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tactctggct ccgaggtgcc 61 agatgtgaca tccagatgac ccagtctcca tcctccctgt ctgcatctgt aggagacaga 121 gtcaccatca cttgcaaggc cagtgagaat gtggtttctt atgtatcctg gtatcagcag 181 aaaccaggga aagcccctaa gctcctgatc tatggggcat ccaaccggaa cactggggtc 241 ccatcaaggt tcagtggcag tggatctggg acagatttca ctctcaccat cagcagtctg 301 caacctgaag attttgcaac ttactactgt gggcagagtt acaactatcc gtacacgttt 361 ggccagggga ccaagctgga gatcaaac (20) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 173) 1 diqmtqspss lsasvgdrvt itckasenvv syvswyqqkp gkapklliyg asnrntgvps 61 rfsgsgsgtd ftltisslqp edfatyycgq synypytfgq gtkleik (21) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO. 174) 1 gaactgtggc tgcaccatct gtcttcatct tcccgccatc tgatgagcag ttgaaatctg 61 gaactgcctc tgttgtgtgc ctgctgaata acttctatcc cagagaggcc aaagtacagt 121 ggaaggtgga taacgccctc caatcgggta actcccagga gagtgtcaca gagcaggaca 181 gcaaggacag cacctacagc ctcagcagca ccctgacgct gagcaaagca gactacgaga 241 aacacaaagt ctacgcctgc gaagtcaccc atcagggcct gagctcgccc gtcacaaaga 301 gcttcaacag gggagagtgt tga (22) Protein Sequence Defining Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO. 175). The first amino acid is derived from translation of the last nucleotide of variable region and beginning two nucleotides of the Kappa Light Chain sequence. 1 rtvaapsvfi fppsdeqlks gtasvvclln nfypreakvq wkvdnalqsg nsqesvteqd 61 skdstyslss tltlskadye khkvyacevt hqglsspvtk sfnrgec (23) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Light Chain Variable Region and Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 176) 1 atggacatga gggtccccgc tcagctcctg gggctcctgc tactctggct ccgaggtgcc 61 agatgtgaca tccagatgac ccagtctcca tcctccctgt ctgcatctgt aggagacaga 121 gtcaccatca cttgcaaggc cagtgagaat gtggtttctt atgtatcctg gtatcagcag 181 aaaccaggga aagcccctaa gctcctgatc tatggggcat ccaaccggaa cactggggtc 241 ccatcaaggt tcagtggcag tggatctggg acagatttca ctctcaccat cagcagtctg 301 caacctgaag attttgcaac ttactactgt gggcagagtt acaactatcc gtacacgttt 361 ggccagggga ccaagctgga gatcaaacga actgtggctg caccatctgt cttcatcttc 421 ccgccatctg atgagcagtt gaaatctgga actgcctctg ttgtgtgcct gctgaataac 481 ttctatccca gagaggccaa agtacagtgg aaggtggata acgccctcca atcgggtaac 541 tcccaggaga gtgtcacaga gcaggacagc aaggacagca cctacagcct cagcagcacc 601 ctgacgctga gcaaagcaga ctacgagaaa cacaaagtct acgcctgcga agtcacccat 661 cagggcctga gctcgcccgt cacaaagagc ttcaacaggg gagagtgttg a (24) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Light Chain Variable Region and Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 177) 1 diqmtqspss lsasvgdrvt itckasenvy syvswyqqkp gkapklliyg asnrntgvps 61 rfsgsgsgtd ftltisslqp edfatyycgq synypytfgq gtkleikrtv aapsvfifpp 121 sdeqlksgta svvcllnnfy preakvqwkv dnalqsgnsq esvteqdskd styslsstlt 181 lskadyekhk vyacevthqg lsspvtksfn rgec (25) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Humanized Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 Light Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 178) 1 atggaagccc cagcgcagct tctcttcctc ctgctactct ggctcccaga taccactgga 61 gaaatagtga tgacgcagtc tccagccacc ctgtctgtgt ctccagggga aagagccacc 121 ctctcctgca aggccagtga gaatgtggtt tcttatgtat cctggtacca gcagaaacct 181 ggccaggctc ccaggctcct catctatggg gcatccaacc ggaacactgg tatcccagcc 241 aggttcagtg gcagtgggtc tgggacagag ttcactctca ccatcagcag cctgcagtct 301 gaagattttg cagtttatta ctgtgggcag agttacaact atccgtacac gtttggccag 361 gggaccaagc tggagatcaa ac (26) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 Light Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 179) 1 eivmtqspat lsyspgerat lsckasenvv syvswyqqkp gqaprlliyg asnrntgipa 61 rfsgsgsgte ftltisslqs edfavyycgq synypytfgq gtkleik (27) Nucleic Acid Encoding the Full Length Humanized Hu2B8 Ky3-15.1 Light Chain Variable Region and Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 180) 1 atggaagccc cagcgcagct tctcttcctc ctgctactct ggctcccaga taccactgga 61 gaaatagtga tgacgcagtc tccagccacc ctgtctgtgt ctccagggga aagagccacc 121 ctctcctgca aggccagtga gaatgtggtt tcttatgtat cctggtacca gcagaaacct 181 ggccaggctc ccaggctcct catctatggg gcatccaacc ggaacactgg tatcccagcc 241 aggttcagtg gcagtgggtc tgggacagag ttcactctca ccatcagcag cctgcagtct 301 gaagattttg cagtttatta ctgtgggcag agttacaact atccgtacac gtttggccag 361 gggaccaagc tggagatcaa acgaactgtg gctgcaccat ctgtcttcat cttcccgcca 421 tctgatgagc agttgaaatc tggaactgcc tctgttgtgt gcctgctgaa taacttctat 481 cccagagagg ccaaagtaca gtggaaggtg gataacgccc tccaatcggg taactcccag 541 gagagtgtca cagagcagga cagcaaggac agcacctaca gcctcagcag caccctgacg 601 ctgagcaaag cagactacga gaaacacaaa gtctacgcct gcgaagtcac ccatcagggc 661 ctgagctcgc ccgtcacaaa gagcttcaac aggggagagt gttga (28) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 Light Chain Variable Region and Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 181) 1 eivmtqspat lsyspgerat lsckasenvv syvswyqqkp gqaprlliyg asnrntgipa 61 rfsgsgsgte ftltisslqs edfavyycgq synypytfgq gtkleikrtv aapsvfifpp 121 sdeqlksgta svvcllnnfy preakvqwkv dnalqsgnsq esvteqdskd styslsstlt 181 lskadyekhk vyacevthgg lsspvtksfn rgec

For convenience, Table 13 provides a concordance chart showing the correspondence between the full length sequences and of the antibodies discussed in this section with those presented in the Sequence Listing.

TABLE 13 SEQ. ID NO. Protein or Nucleic Acid 154 Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (G1m(17,1)) - nucleic acid 155 Chimeric 2B8 IgG1 (G1m(17,1)) - protein 156 Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) - nucleic acid 157 Chimeric 2B8 Kappa (Km(3)) - protein 158 Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 159 Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - protein 160 Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(17,1)) allotype - nucleic acid 161 Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(17,1)) allotype - protein 162 Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype) - nucleic acid 163 Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype) - protein 164 Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 165 Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - protein 166 Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype) - nucleic acid 167 Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1) allotype) - protein 168 Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 169 Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region - protein 170 Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1 allotype) - nucleic acid 171 Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 + IgG1 Constant (G1m(17,1 allotype) - protein 172 Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 173 Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region - protein 174 Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - nucleic acid 175 Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - protein 176 Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - nucleic acid 177 Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - protein 178 Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 179 Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 Kappa Chain Variable Region - protein 180 Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - nucleic acid 181 Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 2) - protein

B. Humanization Procedure 2

The second humanization method employed for reducing immunogenicity of the mouse 2B8 antibody is based on the method described in Studnicka et al. (1994) PROTEIN ENG. 7:805-814. The heavy and kappa human germline variable regions most identical (at the amino acid level) to those of mouse 2B8 were identified. Residues that differed between mouse and human were converted into the human sequence depending on the likely risk that such a change would affect binding or immunogenicity. Low risk residues (i.e., residues that when changed would likely not affect antigen binding and would also reduce potential immunogenicity) were changed to the human amino acid in the heavy variable region (creating LR2B8HC) and the kappa variable region (creating LR2B8LC). Additionally, low risk and medium risk (i.e., residues that when changed are somewhat likely to have an effect on antigen binding residues and would also reduce potential immunogenicity) were changed to the human amino acid in the heavy variable region (creating LRMR2B8HC) and the kappa variable region (creating LRMR2B8LC). The human IgG1 heavy chain constant region (G1m(3) allotype (allele 1)) was added to the carboxyl terminus of the two human engineered heavy variable regions and the human Kappa constant region (Km(3) allotype (allele 1)) was added to the carboxyl terminus of two human engineered light variable regions, thus creating four human engineered antibody chains. Variable region nucleic acid sequences were first synthesized by gene synthesis methods and then added to human constant region sequences. These human engineered antibodies were cloned into mammalian protein expression vectors, and protein was expressed in the four possible combinations of heavy chain plus light chain. Binding of the chimeric, chimeric/humanized, or humanized antibodies to human HGF was measured using conventional techniques, as described below.

The nucleic acid sequences encoding and the protein sequences defining each of the humanized antibodies are summarized below. In this section, the last nucleotide of each variable region is the first base of the next codon generated by the variable/constant region junction. This nucleotide is included in the Variable Region because it is part of that exon. Amino acid sequences of Constant Regions listed below include the translation of this junction codon.

(1) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Humanized LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 182) 1 atgggctggt catatattat tctctttctt gttgctaccg ctaccgatgt gcactctcaa 61 gtccaactcg tacaaccagg cgctgaagtc gtaaaacccg gaacatctgt taaactctca 121 tgcaaagcct caggatacac tttcacaact tactggatgc attgggtcaa tcaagccccc 181 ggacaaggcc tcgaatggat tggcgaaatt aacccaacta acggacatac taattataat 241 gaaaaattta agggcaaagc tacactcacc gtcgataaat caacctctac agcttatatg 301 gaactttcat ccctgagatc agaagataca gccgtctact attgcgccag aaactacgta 361 ggatcaatat tcgattactg gggtcaaggc actctcctca cagtcagctc ag c2) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 183) 1 qvqlvqpgae vvkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvnqa pgqglewige inptnghtny 61 nekfkgkatl tvdkststay melsslrsed tavyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlltvss (3) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 184) 1 ccagcacaaa gggcccatcg gtcttccccc tggcaccctc ctccaagagc acctctgggg 61 gcacagcggc cctgggctgc ctggtcaagg actacttccc cgaaccggtg acggtgtcgt 121 ggaactcagg cgccctgacc agcggcgtgc acaccttccc ggctgtccta cagtcctcag 181 gactctactc cctcagcagc gtggtgaccg tgccctccag cagcttgggc acccagacct 241 acatctgcaa cgtgaatcac aagcccagca acaccaaggt ggacaagaga gttgagccca 301 aatcttgtga caaaactcac acatgtccac cgtgcccagc acctgaactc ctggggggac 361 cgtcagtctt cctcttcccc ccaaaaccca aggacaccct catgatctcc cggacccctg 421 aggtcacatg cgtggtggtg gacgtgagcc acgaagaccc tgaggtcaag ttcaactggt 481 acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cataatgcca agacaaagcc gcgggaggag cagtacaaca 541 gcacgtaccg tgtggtcagc gtcctcaccg tcctgcacca ggactggctg aatggcaagg 601 agtacaagtg caaggtctcc aacaaagccc tcccagcccc catcgagaaa accatctcca 661 aagccaaagg gcagccccga gaaccacagg tgtacaccct gcccccatcc cgggaggaga 721 tgaccaagaa ccaggtcagc ctgacctgcc tggtcaaagg cttctatccc agcgacatcg 781 ccgtggagtg ggagagcaat gggcagccgg agaacaacta caagaccacg cctcccgtgc 841 tggactccga cggctccttc ttcctctata gcaagctcac cgtggacaag ageaggtggc 901 agcaggggaa cgtcttctca tgctccgtga tgcatgaggc tctgcacaac cactacacgc 961 agaagagcct ctccctgtcc ccgggtaaat ga (4) Protein Sequence Defining Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1 or 2) (SEQ ID NO. 185). The first amino acid is derived from translation of the last nucleotide of variable region and the beginning two nucleotides of the IgG1 Heavy Chain sequence. 1 astkgpsvfp lapsskstsg gtaalgclvk dyfpepvtvs wnsgaltsgv htfpavlqss 61 glyslssvvt vpssslgtqt yicnvnhkps ntkvdkrvep kscdkthtcp pcpapellgg 121 psvflfppkp kdtlmisrtp evtcvvvdvs hedpevkfnw yvdgvevhna ktkpreeqyn 181 styrvvsvlt vlhqdwlngk eykckvsnka lpapiektis kakgqprepq vytlppsree 241 mtknqvsltc lvkgfypsdi avewesngqp ennykttppv ldsdgsffly skltvdksrw 301 qqgnvfscsv mhealhnhyt qks1s1spgk (5) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 186) 1 atgggctggt catatattat tctctttctt gttgctaccg ctaccgatgt gcactctcaa 61 gtccaactcg tacaaccagg cgctgaagtc gtaaaacccg gaacatctgt taaactctca 121 tgcaaagcct caggatacac tttcacaact tactggatgc attgggtcaa tcaagccccc 181 ggacaaggcc tcgaatggat tggcgaaatt aacccaacta acggacatac taattataat 241 gaaaaattta agggcaaagc tacactcacc gtcgataaat caacctctac agcttatatg 301 gaactttcat ccctgagatc agaagataca gccgtctact attgcgccag aaactacgta 361 ggatcaatat tcgattactg gggtcaaggc actctcctca cagtcagctc agccagcaca 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga gagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgtcc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggagga gatgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta tagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ccccgggtaa atga (6) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 187) 1 qvqlvqpgae vvkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvnqa pgqglewige inptnghtny 61 nekfkgkatl tvdkststay melsslrsed tavyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlltvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkrvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsreemt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (7) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Humanized LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 188) 1 atgggttggt catatattat actctttctc gtagccaccg ccaccgacgt acactctcag 61 gttcaactcg tacaacccgg cgccgaagtc aagaaaccag gaacatcagt caaactctca 121 tgtaaagcaa gcggatacac ctttactact tattggatgc attgggtaag acaagccccc 181 ggacaaggac tcgaatggat aggcgaaata aatcccacta atggacatac aaattataat 241 caaaaatttc aaggacgcgc tacactcacc gtcgataaat caacctcaac cgcatacatg 301 gaactcagct ccctccgatc cgaagacact gccgtttatt attgtgccag aaactatgta 361 ggatctattt tcgattactg gggacaagga acacttctca ccgtaagctc ag (8) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 189) 1 qvqlvqpgae vkkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvrqa pgqglewige inptnghtny 61 nqkfqgratl tvdkststay melsslrsed tavyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlltvss (9) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 190) 1 atgggttggt catatattat actctttctc gtagccaccg ccaccgacgt acactctcag 61 gttcaactcg tacaacccgg cgccgaagtc aagaaaccag gaacatcagt caaactctca 121 tgtaaagcaa gcggatacac ctttactact tattggatgc attgggtaag acaagccccc 181 ggacaaggac tcgaatggat aggcgaaata aatcccacta atggacatac aaattataat 241 caaaaatttc aaggacgcgc tacactcacc gtcgataaat caacctcaac cgcatacatg 301 gaactcagct ccctccgatc cgaagacact gccgtttatt attgtgccag aaactatgta 361 ggatctattt tcgattactg gggacaagga acacttctca ccgtaagctc agccagcaca 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga gagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgtcc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggagga gatgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta tagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ccccgggtaa atga (10) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Heavy Chain Humanized LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region and Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 191) 1 qvqlvqpgae vkkpgtsvkl sckasgytft tywmhwvrqa pgqglewige inptnghtny 61 nqkfqgratl tvdkststay melsslrsed tavyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlltvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkrvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsreemt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk (11) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Humanized LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 192) 1 atggaaagtc agacccttgt attcatctct attcttcttt ggttgtatgg agcagacggc 61 gacattgtga tgacccaatc ccccgatagt atggccatga gtgtaggaga aagagtcacc 121 cttaattgca aagcctccga aaatgtcgtt tcatatgtgt cttggtatca acaaaaaccc 181 ggccaatcac ccaaacttct catatacggc gcttcaaaca gaaacacagg cgttcccgac 241 agatttagtg gatccggatc agctacagat ttcaccctta ccatcagttc agttcaagca 301 gaagacgttg cagactatca ttgcggacaa tcttataact acccttacac attcggacaa (12) Protein Sequence Defining Humanized LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 193) 1 divmtqspds mamsvgervt lnckasenvv syvswyqqkp gqspklliyg asnrntgvpd 61 rfsgsgsatd ftltissvqa edvadyhcgq synypytfgq gtkleik (13) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 194) 1 gtacggtggc tgcaccatct gtcttcatct tcccgccatc tgatgagcag ttgaaatctg 61 gaactgcctc tgttgtgtgc ctgctgaata acttctatcc cagagaggcc aaagtacagt 121 ggaaggtgga taacgccctc caatcgggta actcccagga gagtgtcaca gagcaggaca 181 gcaaggacag cacctacagc ctcagcagca ccctgacgct gagcaaagca gactacgaga 241 aacacaaagt ctacgcctgc gaagtcaccc atcagggcct gagctcgccc gtcacaaaga 301 gcttcaacag gggagagtgt tag (14) Protein Sequence Defining the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 195). The first amino acid derived from translation of the last nucleotide of variable region and beginning two nucleotides of the Kappa Light Chain sequence. 1 rtvaapsvfi fppsdeqlks gtasvvclln nfypreakvq wkvdnalqsg nsqesvteqd 61 skdstyslss tltlskadye khkvyacevt hqglsspvtk sfnrgec (15) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region and the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 196) 1 atggaaagtc agacccttgt attcatctct attcttcttt ggttgtatgg agcagacggc 61 gacattgtga tgacccaatc ccccgatagt atggccatga gtgtaggaga aagagtcacc 121 cttaattgca aagcctccga aaatgtcgtt tcatatgtgt cttggtatca acaaaaaccc 181 ggccaatcac ccaaacttct catatacggc gcttcaaaca gaaacacagg cgttcccgac 241 agatttagtg gatccggatc agctacagat ttcaccctta ccatcagttc agttcaagca 301 gaagacgttg cagactatca ttgcggacaa tcttataact acccttacac attcggacaa 361 ggaaccaaac tcgaaattaa acgtacggtg gctgcaccat ctgtcttcat cttcccgcca 421 tctgatgagc agttgaaatc tggaactgcc tctgttgtgt gcctgctgaa taacttctat 481 cccagagagg ccaaagtaca gtggaaggtg gataacgccc tccaatcggg taactcccag 541 gagagtgtca cagagcagga cagcaaggac agcacctaca gcctcagcag caccctgacg 601 ctgagcaaag cagactacga gaaacacaaa gtctacgcct gcgaagtcac ccatcagggc 661 ctgagctcgc ccgtcacaaa gagcttcaac aggggagagt gttag (16) Protein Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region and the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 197) 1 divmtqspds mamsvgervt lnckasenvv syvswyqqkp gqspklliyg asnrntgvpd 61 rfsgsgsatd ftltissvqa edvadyhcgq synypytfgq gtkleikrtv aapsvfifpp 121 sdeqlksgta svvcllnnfy preakvqwkv dnalqsgnsq esvteqdskd styslsstlt 181 lskadyekhk vyacevthqg lsspvtksfn rgec (17) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Humanized LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 198) 1 atggaatccc aaacccttgt tttcatctct atccttctct ggctttatgg cgccgacgga 61 gacatcgtaa tgacacaatc ccctgactct cttgctatga gcttgggcga acgagtaaca 121 cttaactgca aagcatccga aaatgtcgta tcttacgtat cctggtatca gcaaaaacct 181 ggtcaaagtc ctaaacttct tatatatggt gcaagtaatc gtgaaagtgg cgtcccagac 241 agatttagcg gttcaggttc agcaactgac tttacactta caatttctag cgttcaggcc 301 gaagacgttg cagactatca ttgtggacaa tcttataact atccttatac tttcggacaa 361 ggcactaaac ttgaaattaa ac (18) Protein Sequence Defining the Humanized LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 199) 1 divmtqspds lamslgervt lnckasenyv syvswyqqkp gqspklliyg asnresgvpd 61 rfsgsgsatd ftltissvqa edvadyhcgq synypytfgq gtkleik (19) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Humanized LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region and the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 200) 1 atggaatccc aaacccttgt tttcatctct atccttctct ggctttatgg cgccgacgga 61 gacatcgtaa tgacacaatc ccctgactct cttgctatga gcttgggcga acgagtaaca 121 cttaactgca aagcatccga aaatgtcgta tcttacgtat cctggtatca gcaaaaacct 181 ggtcaaagtc ctaaacttct tatatatggt gcaagtaatc gtgaaagtgg cgtcccagac 241 agatttagcg gttcaggttc agcaactgac tttacactta caatttctag cgttcaggcc 301 gaagacgttg cagactatca ttgtggacaa tcttataact atccttatac tttcggacaa 361 ggcactaaac ttgaaattaa acgtacggtg gctgcaccat ctgtcttcat cttcccgcca 421 tctgatgagc agttgaaatc tggaactgcc tctgttgtgt gcctgctgaa taacttctat 481 cccagagagg ccaaagtaca gtggaaggtg gataacgccc tccaatcggg taactcccag 541 gagagtgtca cagagcagga cagcaaggac agcacctaca gcctcagcag caccctgacg 601 ctgagcaaag cagactacga gaaacacaaa gtctacgcct gcgaagtcac ccatcagggc 661 ctgagctcgc ccgtcacaaa gagcttcaac aggggagagt gttag (20) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Humanized LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region and the Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) (SEQ ID NO. 201) 1 divmtqspds lamslgervt lnckasenvv syvswyqqkp gqspklliyg asnresgvpd 61 rfsgsgsatd ftltissvqa edvadyhcgq synypytfgq gtkleikrtv aapsvfifpp 121 sdeqlksgta svvcllnnfy preakvqwkv dnalqsgnsq esvteqdskd styslsstlt 181 lskadyekhk vyacevthqg lsspvtksfn rgec

For convenience, Table 14 provides a concordance chart showing the correspondence between the full length sequences and of the antibodies discussed in this section with those presented in the Sequence Listing.

TABLE 14 SEQ. ID NO. Protein or Nucleic Acid 182 LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 183 LR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region - protein 184 Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 185 Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein 186 LR2B8HC + IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 187 LR2B8HC + IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein 188 LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 189 LRMR2B8HC Heavy Chain Variable Region - protein 190 LRMR2B8HC + IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 191 LRMR2B8HC + IgG1 Constant (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein 192 LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 193 LR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region - protein 194 Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 195 Human Kappa Chain Constant Region (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein 196 LR2B8LC + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 197 LR2B8LC + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein 198 LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region - nucleic acid 199 LRMR2B8LC Light Chain Variable Region - protein 200 LRMR2B8LC + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - nucleic acid 201 LRMR2B8LC + Kappa Constant (Km(3) allotype) (allele 1) - protein

Table 15 summarizes the heavy chain CDR sequences (Kabat Definition) of the humanized 2B8 antibodies prepared by humanization procedure 1 and by humanization procedure 2 described herein above in this Example.

TABLE 15 Full Length Heavy Chain Antibody CDR1 CDR2 CDR3 Variable Region Murine 2B8 TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNEKFKS NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 12 Heavy (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 16) (SEQ ID NO: 17) Hu2B8 Hv1f.1 TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNEKFQG NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 159 (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 202) (SEQ ID NO: 17) Hu2B8 Hv5a.1 TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNPSFQG NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 165 (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 203) (SEQ ID NO: 17) Hu2B8 Hv5- TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNPSFQG NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 169 51.1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 203) (SEQ ID NO: 17) LR2B8HC TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNEKFKG NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 183 (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 204) (SEQ ID NO: 17) LRMR2B8HC TYWMH EINPTNGHTNYNQKFQG NYVGSIFDY SEQ ID NO: 189 (SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 205) (SEQ ID NO: 17)

Table 16 summarizes the light chain CDR sequences (Kabat Definition) of the humanized 2B8 antibodies prepared by humanization procedure 1 and by humanization procedure 2 described herein above in this Example.

TABLE 16 Full Length Light Chain Antibody CDR1 CDR2 CDR3 Variable Region Murine 2B8 Light KASENVVSYVS GASNRNT GQSYNYPYT SEQ ID NO: 14 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 19) (SEQ ID NO: 20) Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 KASENVVSYVS GASNRNT GQSYNYPYT SEQ ID NO: 173 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 19) (SEQ ID NO: 20) Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1 KASENVVSYVS GASNRNT GQSYNYPYT SEQ ID NO: 179 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 19) (SEQ ID NO: 20) LR2B8LC KASENVVSYVS GASNRNT GQSYNYPYT SEQ ID NO: 193 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 19) (SEQ ID NO: 20) LRMR2B8LC KASENVVSYVS GASNRES GQSYNYPYT SEQ ID NO: 199 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 206) (SEQ ID NO: 20)

C. Binding Affinity of Humanized 2B8 Antibodies

Antigen-binding affinity and kinetics of interaction were assessed by surface plasmon resonance technology using a BIAcore T100 instrument. Mouse anti-human immunoglobulins (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 209-005-098) were immobilized on carboxymethylated dextran CM4 sensor chips (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1005-34) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's recommendations. The analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-54), 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930) and 10 mg/mL CM-Dextran Sodium salt (Fluka, Catalog No. 86524) as running buffer.

The antibodies were captured on individual flow cell at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. Injection time was variable for each antibody to yield approximately 20 RU of antibody captured for each cycle. Buffer or HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer was injected sequentially over a reference surface (no antibody captured) and the active surface (antibody to be tested) for 2 minutes at 60 μL/min. The dissociation phase was monitored for 15 or 90 minutes, depending on concentration. The surface then was regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 2.0 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-55) injected for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another cycle was initiated. HGF concentrations tested were 1.88, 3.75 and 7.5 nM. Determination of kinetic parameters was achieved using the kinetic function of the BIAevalutation software with reference subtraction. Kinetic parameters for each antibody, k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant) and K_(D) (equilibrium dissociation constant) are summarized in FIG. 8.

The results summarized in FIG. 8 show that certain combinations of superhumanized heavy chains (Hu2B8 Hv5a.1, Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 or Hu2B8 Hv1-f.1) and light chains (Hu2B8 Kv1-39.1 or Hu2B8 Kv3-15.1) retain similar binding affinity (K_(D)) to HGF as chimeric 2B8 (mouse variable regions with human constant regions) and 2B8 (Table 5).

D. Mutually Exclusive Binding Assay

Mutually exclusive binding to HGF was assessed by surface plasmon resonance technology using a BIAcore T100 instrument. Mouse anti-human immunoglobulins (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 209-005-098) were immobilized on carboxymethylated dextran CM5 sensor chips (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's recommendations. The analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, #BR-1000-54), 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930) and 10 mg/ml CM-Dextran Sodium salt (Fluka, Catalog No. 86524) as running buffer.

The humanized antibodies were captured on an individual flow cell at a flow rate of 30 μL/min. Injection time was variable for each antibody to yield approximately 150 RU of antibody captured for each cycle. HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer at a final concentration of 7.5 μg/mL was injected for 90 sec at 30 μL/min over the captured humanized antibodies. Binding of HGF was monitored before subsequent injection of mouse 2B8 antibody or polyclonal goat anti-HGF antibody (R & D Systems, AF294) for 3 min at 30 μL/min. The surface then was regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 2.0 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-55) injected for 3 min at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another antibody was tested. The results are summarized in FIG. 9.

Results summarized in FIG. 9 show that both humanized 2B8 antibodies and chimeric 2B8 antibodies prevent murine 2B8 from binding HGF. These results demonstrate that the humanized antibodies still bind the same HGF epitope as the original 2B8 antibody.

Example 13 Production of Humanized 2B8 Variants a. HUMAN ENGINEERED™ Antibodies

Codon- and expression-optimized low risk and low-plus-moderate risk Human Engineered light chain (LR2B8LC and LRMR2B8LC, respectively) and heavy chains (LR2B8HC and LRMR2B8HC, respectively) were cloned in-phase into XOMA's transient antibody expression vectors, which contain human Kappa and Gamma-1 constant regions modules. The four Human Engineered 2B8 variants were produced by transient transfection in HEK293E cells. The following four antibodies were produced:

-   -   HE2B8-1=LR2B8HC (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3) allotype (allele         1)) (SEQ ID NO. 187) plus LR2B8LC (+Kappa constant region (Km(3)         allotype (allele 1))) (SEQ ID NO. 197)     -   HE2B8-2=LR2B8HC (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3) allotype (allele         1)) (SEQ ID NO. 187) plus LRMR2B8LC (+Kappa constant region         (Km(3) allotype (allele 1))) (SEQ ID NO. 201)     -   HE2B8-3=LRMR2B8HC (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3) allotype         (allele 1)) (SEQ ID NO. 191) plus LR2B8LC (+Kappa constant         region (Km(3) allotype (allele 1))) (SEQ ID NO. 197)     -   HE2B8-4=LRMR2B8HC (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3) allotype         (allele 1)) (SEQ ID NO. 191) plus LRMR2B8LC (+Kappa constant         region (Km(3) allotype (allele 1))) (SEQ ID NO. 201)

The light and heavy chains were co-transfected into XOMA's suspension adapted HEK293E cells grown in IS293 media (Irvine Scientific, Irvine, Calif.) using 2 liter shake flasks. After 24 hours in the shake flasks, 200 mL of transfected cells were centrifuged, resuspended in 40 mL of fresh medium and transferred to Integra flasks (Wilson Wolf Manufacturing Inc., MN) for production. After incubation for seven days, the cell suspensions were removed from the Integra flasks, centrifuged and the culture supernatants retained. Antibodies in the culture supernatants were purified on protein A spin columns (Pro-Chem), dialyzed against PBS, concentrated and sterile filtered.

b. SUPERHUMANIZED™ Antibodies

Full length Hu2B8_Hv5-51.1+human IgG1 constant domain (G1m(3) allotype) cDNA was cloned into pEE6.4 (Lonza Biologics, Berkshire, UK) using HindIII and EcoRI restriction sites. Full length Hu2B8-Kv1-39.1 variable region+human Kappa constant domain cDNA and full length Hu2B8_Kv3-15.1 variable region+human Kappa constant domain cDNA were each cloned into pEE14.4 (Lonza Biologics) using HindIII and EcoRI restriction sites. The hCMV-MIE promoter+full length Hu2B8_Hv5-51.1+human IgG1 constant domain (G1m(3) allotype) cDNA+SV40 poly A fragment (in pEE6.4) was removed by NotI/SalI digestion and inserted into either Kappa chain pEE14.4 vector through NotI/SalI sites, thus creating 2 different expression vectors that each simultaneously express heavy and light chain to make the following antibodies:

-   -   sh2B8-9 (G1m(3))=hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3)         allotype) (allele 2)) (SEQ ID NO. 210) plus hu2B8 Kv 1-39.1         (+Kappa constant region (Km(3) allotype (allele 2))) (SEQ ID NO:         177)     -   sh2B8-12 (G1m(3))=hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 (+IgG1 constant region (G1m(3)         allotype) (allele 2)) (SEQ ID NO. 210) plus hu2B8 Kv 3-15.1         (+Kappa constant region (Km(3) allotype (allele 2))) (SEQ ID No.         181)

The nucleic acid sequences encoding and the protein sequences defining the human IgG1 Heavy Constant Region G1m(3) allotype (allele 2) and each of the full length heavy chain sequences are set forth below. The light chain sequences were the same as described in Example 12.

(1) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 2) (SEQ ID NO. 207) 1 cctccaccaa gggcccatcg gtcttccccc tggcaccctc ctccaagagc acctctgggg 61 gcacagcggc cctgggctgc ctggtcaagg actacttccc cgaaccggtg acggtgtcgt 121 ggaactcagg cgccctgacc agcggcgtgc acaccttccc ggctgtccta cagtcctcag 181 gactctactc cctcagcagc gtggtgaccg tgccctccag cagcttgggc acccagacct 241 acatctgcaa cgtgaatcac aagcccagca acaccaaggt ggacaagaga gttgagccca 301 aatcttgtga caaaactcac acatgcccac cgtgcccagc acctgaactc ctggggggac 361 cgtcagtctt cctcttcccc ccaaaaccca aggacaccct catgatctcc cggacccctg 421 aggtcacatg cgtggtggtg gacgtgagcc acgaagaccc tgaggtcaag ttcaactggt 481 acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cataatgcca agacaaagcc gcgggaggag cagtacaaca 541 gcacgtaccg tgtggtcagc gtcctcaccg tcctgcacca ggactggctg aatggcaagg 601 agtacaagtg caaggtctcc aacaaagccc tcccagcccc catcgagaag accatctcca 661 aagccaaagg gcagccccga gaaccacagg tgtacaccct gcccccatcc cgggaggaga 721 tgaccaagaa ccaggtcagc ctgacctgcc tggtcaaagg cttctatccc agcgacatcg 781 ccgtggagtg ggagagcaat gggcagccgg agaacaacta caagaccacg cctcccgtgc 841 tggactccga cggctccttc ttcctctaca gcaagctcac cgtggacaag agcaggtggc 901 agcaggggaa cgtcttctca tgctccgtga tgcatgaggc tctgcacaac cactacacgc 961 agaagagcct ctccctgtct ccgggtaaat ga (2) Protein Sequence Defining Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region (G1m(3) allotype) (allele 1 or 2) (SEQ ID NO. 208). The first amino acid is derived from translation of the last nucleotide of variable region and the beginning two nucleotides of the IgG1 Heavy Chain sequence. 1 astkgpsvfp lapsskstsg gtaalgclvk dyfpepvtvs wnsgaltsgv htfpavlqss 61 glyslssvvt vpssslgtqt yicnvnhkps ntkvdkrvep kscdkthtcp pcpapellgg 121 psvflfppkp kdtlmisrtp evtcvvvdvs hedpevkfnw yvdgvevhna ktkpreeqyn 181 styrvvsvlt vlhqdwlngh eykckvsnka lpapieltis kakgqprepq vytlppsree 241 mtknqvsltc lvkgfypsdi avewesngqp ennykttppv ldsdgsffly skltvdksrw 301 qqgnvfscsv mhealhnhyt qkslslspgk (3) Nucleic Acid Sequence Encoding the Full Length Chain Containing Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 Heavy Chain Variable Region and the Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region G1m(3) allotype (allele 2) (signal sequence underlined) (SEQ ID NO. 209) 1 atggggtcaa ccgccatcct cgccctcctc ctggctgttc tccaaggagt ctgtgccgaa 61 gtgcagctgg tgcagtctgg agcagaggtg aaaaagcccg gggagtctct gaagatctcc 121 tgtaagggtt ctggatacag ctttaccacc tactggatgc actgggtgcg ccagatgccc 181 gggaaaggcc tggagtggat gggggagatt aatcctacca acggtcatac taactacaat 241 ccgtccttcc aaggccaggt caccatctca gctgacaagt ccatcagcac tgcctacctg 301 cagtggagca gcctgaaggc ctcggacacc gccatgtatt actgtgcgag aaactatgtt 361 ggtagcatct ttgactactg gggccaagga accctggtca ccgtctcctc agcctccacc 421 aagggcccat cggtcttccc cctggcaccc tcctccaaga gcacctctgg gggcacagcg 481 gccctgggct gcctggtcaa ggactacttc cccgaaccgg tgacggtgtc gtggaactca 541 ggcgccctga ccagcggcgt gcacaccttc ccggctgtcc tacagtcctc aggactctac 601 tccctcagca gcgtggtgac cgtgccctcc agcagcttgg gcacccagac ctacatctgc 661 aacgtgaatc acaagcccag caacaccaag gtggacaaga gagttgagcc caaatcttgt 721 gacaaaactc acacatgccc accgtgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtc 781 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 841 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 901 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 961 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 1021 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga agaccatctc caaagccaaa 1081 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggagga gatgaccaag 1141 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 1201 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 1261 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 1321 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 1381 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa atga (4) Protein Sequence Defining the Full Length Heavy Chain Containing Humanized Hu2B8 Hv5-51.1 and the Human IgG1 Heavy Chain Constant Region G1m(3) allotype (allele 2) (without signal sequence) (SEQ ID NO. 210) 1 evqlvqsgae vkkpgeslki sckgsgysft tywmhwvrqm pgkglewmge inptnghtny 61 npsfqgqvti sadksistay lqwsslkasd tamyycarny vgsifdywgq gtlvtvssas 121 tkgpsvfpla psskstsggt aalgclvkdy fpepvtvswn sgaltsgvht fpavlqssgl 181 yslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsnt kvdkrvepks cdkthtcppc papellggps 241 vflfppkpkd tlmisrtpev tcvvvdvshe dpevkfnwyv dgvevhnakt kpreeqynst 301 yrvvsvltvl hqdwlngkey kckvsnkalp apiektiska kgqprepqvy tlppsreemt 361 knqvsltclv kgfypsdiav ewesngqpen nykttppvld sdgsfflysk ltvdksrwqq 421 gnvfscsvmh ealhnhytqk slslspgk

Each dual expression vector was transfected into 293T cells for transient expression using DMEM 10% fetal bovine serum. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were washed with and then replaced with serum free medium, IS GRO™ (Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, Calif.) containing 4 mM L-Glutamine. Supernatant was harvested daily and replaced with fresh media for 10 days. The culture supernatants were centrifuged, filtered (0.45 μm) and concentrated 10-100 fold. Antibodies were purified on ProSep vA resin (Millipore), dialyzed against PBS, concentrated and sterile filtered.

Example 14 Binding Characteristics of Humanized 2B8 Variants

The humanized antibodies produced in Example 13 were characterized by their ability to bind hHGF and the recombinant HGF proteins produced in Example 3.

The antibodies were analyzed by surface-plasmon resonance using a BIAcore T100 instrument to assess their ability to bind hHGF and the fusion proteins discussed in Example 3. Each antibody was immobilized on a carboxymethylated dextran CM5 sensor chip (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's instructions.

Analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. R-1000-54), 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930) and 10 mg/mL CM-Dextran Sodium salt (Fluka, Catalog No. 86524) as running buffer. Supernatant containing different HGF fusion proteins or supernatant from cells transfected with empty vector were injected over each antibody at a flow rate of 30 μL/min for 3 minutes. The resulting binding was determined as resonance units (RU) over baseline 30 seconds after the end of injection. Binding was compared to human HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer. Non-specific binding was monitored by comparing binding to a control surface. The results are summarized in the Table 17.

TABLE 17 rhHGF (R&D rmHGF (R&D MHM chimera MHM chimera MHM chimera Antibody Systems) Systems) (495-585) (507-585) (499-556) 2B8 Yes No Yes Yes Yes HE2B8-1 Yes No Yes Yes Yes HE2B8-2 Yes No Yes Yes Yes HE2B8-3 Yes No Yes Yes Yes HE2B8-4 Yes No Yes Yes Yes sh2B8-9 Yes No Yes Yes Yes (G1m(3)) sh2B8-12 Yes No Yes Yes Yes (G1m(3))

The results in Table 17 demonstrate that each of the humanized 2B8-based antibodies bind rhHGF and all three mouse-human-mouse chimeras.

Example 15 Binding Affinities of Humanized 2B8 Variants

The binding affinities and kinetics of interaction of the antibodies listed in Table 15 were measured by surface plasmon resonance.

Mouse anti-human immunoglobulins (Jackson Labs, Catalog No. 209-005) were immobilized on carboxymethylated dextran CM4 sensor chips (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's instructions. The analyses were performed at 25° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-54), and 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930).

The antibodies were captured in an individual flow cell at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. Injection time was variable for each antibody to yield approximately 20 RU of antibody captured for each cycle. Buffer or HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer was injected sequentially over a reference surface (no antibody captured) and the active surface (antibody to be tested) for 2 minutes at 60 μL/min. The dissociation phase was monitored for 15 or 90 minutes, depending on concentration. The surface then was regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 2.2 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-54) injected for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another cycle was initiated. HGF concentrations tested were 0.46 nM to 7.5 nM.

Kinetic parameters were determined using the kinetic function of the BIAevalutation™ software with reference subtraction. Kinetic parameters for each antibody, k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant) and K_(D) (equilibrium dissociation constant) are summarized in Table 18.

TABLE 18 Antibody k_(a) (1/Ms) k_(d) (1/s) K_(D) (pM) SD 2B8 1.4 × 10⁶ 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ 7.3 — HE2B8-1 2.2 × 10⁶ 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ 7.1 5.2 HE2B8-2 1.8 × 10⁶ 9.6 × 10⁻⁶ 5.2 2.7 HE2B8-3 2.0 × 10⁶ 4.1 × 10⁻⁶ 2.0 1.1 HE2B8-4 1.7 × 10⁶ 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ 6.5 1.3 sh2B8-9 (G1m(17,1) 2.0 × 10⁶ 1.7 × 10⁻⁵ 8.1 5.3 sh2B8-12 (G1m(17,1) 1.9 × 10⁶ 2.3 × 10⁻⁵ 12 0.4

These data show that the humanized antibodies have fast association rates (k_(a)), very slow dissociation rates (k_(d)), and very high affinities (K_(D)). In particular, the antibodies have affinities ranging from 2.0-12 pM.

Example 16 Comparison of Binding Affinities at 25° C. and 37° C.

The binding affinities and kinetics of interaction of antibody HE2B8-4, sh2B8-9, sh2B8-12, and murine 2B8 were measured by surface plasmon resonance under different conditions.

Mouse anti-human immunoglobulins (Jackson Labs, Catalog No. 209-005) or rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1005-14) were immobilized on carboxymethylated dextran CM4 sensor chips (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) by amine coupling (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-50) using a standard coupling protocol according to manufacturer's instructions. In the case of 25° C. measurements for sh2b8-9 and sh2B8-12, a CM5 sensor chip (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1006-68) was used. The analyses were performed at 25° C. and 37° C. using PBS (GIBCO, Catalog No. 14040-133) containing 0.05% surfactant P20 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1000-54), and 2 mg/mL BSA (EMD, Catalog No. 2930) as running buffer.

The antibodies were captured in an individual flow cell at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. Injection time was variable for each antibody to yield approximately 20 RU of antibody captured for each cycle. Buffer or HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) diluted in running buffer was injected sequentially over a reference surface (no antibody captured) and the active surface (antibody to be tested) for 2 minutes at 60 μL/min. The dissociation phase was monitored for 15 or 90 minutes, depending on concentration. The surface of mouse anti-human immunoglobulins sensor chips was then regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 2.2 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-54) injected for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another cycle was initiated. The surface of rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins sensor chips was regenerated with 10 mM Glycine-HCl, pH 1.7 (BIAcore, Catalog No. BR-1003-54) injected for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 60 μL/min before another cycle was initiated. HGF concentrations tested were 0.46 nM to 7.5 nM.

Kinetic parameters were determined using the kinetic function of the BIAevaluation software with reference subtraction. Kinetic parameters for each antibody, k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant) and K_(D) (equilibrium dissociation constant) are summarized below in Table 19.

TABLE 19 Antibody Temp. (° C.) k_(a) (1/Ms) k_(d) (1/s) K_(D) (pM) 2B8 25 1.6 × 10⁶ 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ 13.5 2B8 37 2.8 × 10⁶ 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ 4.5 HE2B8-4 25 2.0 × 10⁶ 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ 5.6 HE2B8-4 37 3.1 × 10⁶ 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ 3.3 sh2B8-9 25 2.0 × 10⁶ 1.7 × 10⁻⁵ 8.1 (G1m(17,1)) sh2B8-9 37 2.5 × 10⁶ 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ 5.8 (G1m(3)) sh2B8-12 25 1.9 × 10⁶ 2.3 × 10⁻⁵ 12.0 (G1m(17,1)) sh2B8-12 37 2.4 × 10⁶ 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ 4.8 (G1m(3))

As expected, the association rate constants increased with an increase in the temperature. Surprisingly, the dissociation constants did not change significantly with a corresponding increase in temperature. Consequently, the overall equilibrium dissociation constants (K_(D)) were approximately 1.4 to 3 times smaller (higher affinity) at physiological temperature (37° C.).

Example 17 Neutralization Activity of Humanized 2B8 Variants

The antibodies described in Example 14 were characterized for their ability to (a) inhibit the binding of hHGF to c-Met, and (b) inhibit HGF stimulated BrdU incorporation in 4MBr-5 cells.

HGF-Met Binding Inhibition Assay (Neutralization Assay) was performed as described in as follows. The antibodies were tested by ELISA for their ability to inhibit hHGF binding to c-Met. Specifically, Wallac 96-well DELFIA assay plates (Wallac Inc., Catalog No. AAAND-0001) were coated with 100 μL of 6.25 μg/mL HGF (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 294-HGN-025) in carbonate coating buffer (15 mM Na₂CO₃ and 34 mM NaHCO₃, pH 9.0) for 16 hours at 4° C. The plates then were blocked with 200 μL of 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. The antibodies were prepared in a separate plate by adding increasing concentrations of the antibodies under investigation (0.033-250 nM, 2-fold-serial dilution) to 2 nM biotinylated c-Met in 5% non-fat dry milk in PBS. c-Met (R&D Systems, Catalog No. 358-MT/CF) is biotinylated according to manufacturer's instruction at 10:1 biotin to c-Met ratio (Pierce, Catalog No. 21335). 100 μL of sample per well was transferred to the assay plate and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting plates were washed three times with PBS-0.1% Tween 20, and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with Eu-labeled Streptavidin (Wallac, Catalog No. 1244-360) diluted 1:1000 in DELFIA assay buffer (Wallac, Catalog No. 4002-0010). The resulting plates were washed 3 times with DELFIA wash solution (Wallac, Catalog No. 4010-0010) and incubated with 100 μL/well DELFIA enhancement solution (Wallac #4001-0010) for 15 minutes at room temperature with agitation. The plates were read on Victor³V instrument (Perkin Elmer) using the Europium method. The IC₅₀ values were calculated using Prism.

The IC₅₀ values obtained are shown in Table 20.

TABLE 20 Antibody IC₅₀ (nM) SD 2B8 9.2 1.2 HE2B8-1 6.0 1.2 HE2B8-2 5.7 1.1 HE2B8-3 5.9 1.1 HE2B8-4 6.5 1.2 sh2B8-9 (G1m(3)) 4.2 — sh2B8-12 (G1m(3) 6.8 —

These results from Table 20 demonstrate that the humanized antibodies tested efficiently neutralize HGF binding to c-Met.

The antibodies in Table 17 were also tested in the cell proliferation assay described in Example 7(b). The results are summarized below in Table 21.

TABLE 21 Antibody IC₅₀ (nM) SD 2B8 0.86 0.35 HE2B8-1 0.47 0.15 HE2B8-2 0.66 0.13 HE2B8-3 0.55 0.28 HE2B8-4 0.58 0.26 sh2B8-9 (G1m(3)) 0.52 0.11 sh2B8-12 (G1m(3)) 0.81 0.22

The results from Table 21 demonstrate that all the humanized antibodies tested inhibit HGF-induced proliferation of 4 MBr-5 cells.

Example 18 Anti-Scatter Activity of Humanized 2B8 Variants

The antibodies in Table 17 were tested in the anti-scatter assay described in Example 8. The results are summarized below in Table 22.

TABLE 22 Inhibition of HGF-induced MDCK Cell Scattering Antibody Trial 1 Trial 2 2B8 ++ ++ HE2B8-1 ++ ++ HE2B8-2 ++ ++ HE2B8-3 ++ ++ HE2B8-4 ++ ++ sh2B8-9 (G1m(3)) ++ ++ sh2B8-12 (G1m(3)) ++ ++ − No Inhibition +++ Very strong, nearly complete inhibition ++ Strong inhibition + Detectable inhibition

The results in Table 22 demonstrate that all the humanized antibodies tested inhibited HGF-induced scattering to the same extent as the murine monoclonal antibody 2B8.

Example 19 Inhibition of HGF-Stimulated c-Met Phosphorylation

The antibodies in Table 17 were tested in the c-Met phosphorylation assay described in Example 9. The results are summarized below in Table 23.

TABLE 23 Average of Standard Antibody Two Trials Deviation 2B8 0.91 0.02 he2B8-1 0.80 0.04 he2B8-2 0.88 0.15 he2B8-3 0.79 0.05 he2B8-4 0.75 0.14 sh2B8-9 (G1m(3)) 0.93 0.03 sh2B8-12 (G1m(3)) 0.81 0.07

The results in Table 23 demonstrate that all the humanized antibodies tested are potent inhibitors of HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation in PC-3 cells.

Example 20 Tumor Inhibition in U87MG Xenograft Model

The ability of the humanized monoclonal antibodies of the invention to inhibit tumor growth was tested in an U87MG xenograft model. U87MG cells (ATCC) were expanded in culture at 37° C. in an atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ and 95% air, using a medium comprising Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. The cells were subcultured and maintained by detaching the cells from the wall of the culture dish using trypsin-EDTA.

Near-confluent cells were collected by trypsinization and then 5×10⁶ cells in 50% Matrigel (BD Biosciences; catalog no. 356237) were injected subcutaneously into the upper dorsal area between the shoulder blades of 7-week old female ICR SCID mice (Taconic Labs). The long (L) and short (W) diameters (mm) of tumors were measured with a caliper. Tumor volume (vol.) was calculated as: volume (mm³)=L×W²/2. When the tumors grew to approximately 200 mm³, the tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 5 groups of 10 mice each. One group received PBS and one group received human IgG control. Each of the other 4 groups received one of the humanized antibodies (HE2B8-1, HE2B8-2, HE2B8-3, and HE2B8-4). All the antibodies were dosed at 0.25 mg/kg body weight, twice per week, by intra-peritoneal injections of 5 doses. Tumor volumes and mouse body weights were recorded twice per week. Tumor growth inhibition was analyzed using Student's t-test.

The humanized antibodies tested were active in vivo. There was 57% tumor growth inhibition for HE2B8-1 with a p value of 0.02, 61% tumor growth inhibition for HE2B8-2 with a p value of 0.02, 85% tumor growth inhibition for HE2B8-3, with a p value of 0.0004, and 74% tumor growth inhibition for HE2B8-4 with a p value of 0.001. No significant body weight loss was observed.

A subsequent study was performed as described above in female NCR nude mice (Taconic Labs) bearing subcutaneous U87MG tumors inoculated in the flank. Each group (10 mice each) received one of the following treatments at 0.5 mg/kg: PBS vehicle control, huIgG control, HE2B8-4, or sh2B8-9. Treatment was given intra-peritoneal twice weekly for a minimum of 5 weeks. Each treatment group demonstrated similar tumor regression with tumor growth inhibition of 113% for sh2B8-9 and 115% for HE2B8-4, and a minimum tumor growth delay of 30 days. Both treatments were well-tolerated with no significant body weight loss.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The entire disclosure of each of the patent documents and scientific articles referred to herein is incorporated by reference for all purposes.

EQUIVALENTS

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting on the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein. 

1-100. (canceled)
 101. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 169, and encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and the immunoglobulin light chain variable region together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 102. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 101, wherein the nucleotide sequence encodes an immunoglobulin heavy chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 171. 103. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 101, wherein the nucleotide sequence encodes an immunoglobulin heavy chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 210. 104. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 101, wherein the nucleotide sequence encodes an immunoglobulin light chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 181. 105. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 101. 106. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim
 105. 107. A host cell comprising: a first expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 169; and a second expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179; wherein the immunoglobulin light chain variable region and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 108. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 107 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain variable region, thereby producing the antibody or antigen binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen binding fragment of the antibody.
 109. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 106 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain variable region, thereby producing the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody.
 110. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 171, and encoding an immunoglobulin light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the immunoglobulin light chain together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 111. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 110. 112. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim
 111. 113. A host cell comprising: a first expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 171; and a second expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181; wherein the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 114. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 113 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain, thereby producing the antibody or antigen binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen binding fragment of the antibody.
 115. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 112 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain, thereby producing the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody.
 116. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 210, and encoding an immunoglobulin light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181, wherein the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 117. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 116. 118. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim
 117. 119. A host cell comprising: a first expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 210; and a second expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181; wherein the immunoglobulin light chain and the immunoglobulin heavy chain together bind human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
 120. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 119 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain, thereby producing the antibody or antigen binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen binding fragment of the antibody.
 121. A method of producing a monoclonal antibody that binds human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or an antigen binding fragment of the antibody, the method comprising: (a) growing the host cell of claim 118 under conditions that permit the expression of a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin heavy chain and a polypeptide comprising the immunoglobulin light chain, thereby producing the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody; and (b) purifying the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment of the antibody. 